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Reading Section — ENGLISH CORE STD 12 Science — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceENGLISH COREReading Section12 Marks
Question
1. Though more than seven years have passed since the E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules came into effect in May 2012, their implementation is still in a nascent stage, at least in Varanasi, one of the major cities of Uttar Pradesh. In fact, the state ranks fourth among the 10 largest e-waste generating states in the country.
2. The E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2011 mandate for safe disposal of electronic and electrical wastes through private bodies. According to a UPSPCB official, it is mandatory for the municipal corporation to provide a site to the private firm for proper disposal of e-waste. The site for this purpose has been made available in Ram Nagar area, he said. The E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2011 also suggest that it is the responsibility of the municipal corporation to ensure that e-waste, if found to be mixed with municipal solid waste, is properly segregated, collected and channelized to either authorized collection centre or dismantler or recycler.
3. The Research Unit of the Rajya Sabha has compiled a comprehensive report on e-waste in India. According to the report, there are 10 states that contribute up to 70 per cent of the total e-waste generated in the country, while 65 cities generate more than 60 per cent of the total e-waste in India. Among the 10 largest e-waste generating states, Maharashtra ranks first followed by Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
4. All over the world, the quantity of electrical and electronic waste generated each year, especially by computers and televisions, has assumed alarming proportions.
5. Globally, about 20-50 MT (million tonnes) of e-wastes is disposed of each year, which accounts for 5% of all municipal solid waste. A report of the United Nations predicted that by 2020, e-waste from old computers would jump by 400 per cent on 2007 levels in China and by 500 per cent in India. Additionally, e-waste from discarded mobile phones would be about seven times higher than 2007 levels and, in India, 18 times higher by 2020. Such predictions highlight the urgent need to address the problem of e-waste in developing countries like India where the collection and management of e-waste and the recycling process is yet to be properly regulated.
6. E-waste releases many toxic substances that are serious health hazards. Unless suitable safety measures are taken, these toxic substances can critically affect the health of employees and others in the vicinity — who manually sort and treat the waste — by entering their body through respiratory tracts, through the skin, or through the mucous membrane of the mouth and the digestive tract. Therefore, the health impact of e-waste is evident. There is no doubt that it has been linked to the growing incidence of several lethal or severely debilitating health conditions, including cancer, neurological and respiratory disorders, and birth defects.
7. This impact is found to be worse in developing countries like India where people engaged in recycling e-waste are mostly in the unorganized sector, living in close proximity to dumps or landfills of untreated e-waste and working without any protection or safeguards. Many workers engaged in these recycling operations are the urban poor and unaware of the hazards associated with them.(Source:INN)

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
Despite E-waste management rules coming into effect in May 2012, __________ .
(i)their implementation has yet to take off, at least in Varanasi
(ii)Varanasi at least has been able to take off its implementation rules
(iii)their implementation is still in a nascent stage, at least in Varanasi
(iv)their implementation is now out of control, at least in Varanasi
(b) Some commonalities that are found all over the world is that e-waste from computers and TVs __________.
(i)have reached alarming proportions
(ii)have alarming side-effects
(iii)have alarmed the industry
(iv)have achieved alarming attention
(c) What are the speculations about e-waste made by the U. N. in 2020?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
E-waste releases many ___________.
(e) Select the antonym for the word ‘generating’ in para 3 of the text.
(i)disturbing
(ii)destroying
(iii)disbursing
(iv)deflating
(f) Based on your understanding of the text, what does the comprehensive study done by the Research Unit of the Rajya Sabha state?
(g) According to the UPSPCB, what are the rules under which municipal bodies mandated to provide?
(h) Suggest why the impact of e-waste is worse in countries like India.
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.The Bane of e-waste in India and the World
2.India–a Computer Hub or e-waste Dump
3.The Urban Poor and e-waste
4.Urgent Measures for e-waste Management
5.The rural poor and e-waste
Identify the option that displays the titles Does/Do correspond with the passage.
(i) 1 and 2
(ii) only 1
(iii) 3 and 4
(iv) only 5
✓

Answer

(a) (iii) their implementation is still in a nascent stage, at least in Varanasi
(b) (i) have reached alarming proportions
(c) According to the United Nations, by 2020 the e-waste would jump to 400% in China by 2007 levels and up to 500% by 2007 levels, in India. Also e-waste from discarded phones would jump from 2007 levels by seven times, and in India, it would jump 18 times higher.
(d) toxic substances that are serious health hazards.
(e) (ii) destroying
(f) The Research Unit study yields that 10 states yield 70% of the e-waste, 65 cities yield 60% of the e-waste, and Maharashtra ranks highest among the 10 largest e-waste contributing states and Punjab ranks the lowest.
(g) According to UPSPCB rules, municipal bodies are mandated to provide a site to private firms for the proper disposal of e-waste.
(h) The impact of e-waste is worse in India because e-waste disposal is mostly in the unorganised sector and workers live close to e-waste dumps, and work without adequate protection or safeguards, and unaware of the hazards they are facing.
(i) (ii) The Bane of e-waste in India and the World

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(1) The monsoon is such a welcome respite from the scorching summer thanks to the overcast sky, gentle rain and lush greenery all around. Almost all of us love to savour spicy and crunchy food items, such as fritters (pakoras) and chaats like panipuri, sevpuri teamed with cutting chai as the rainwater lashes against the windowpane. However, the season also brings along a lot of diseases, such as dengue, malaria, conjunctivitis, typhoid, viral fever, pneumonia, gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhea, food poisoning, cholera, cough and cold and jaundice due to the presence of bacteria in the environment. The challenge lies in going about your daily routine without falling ill. If you suffer from low immunity, you are at a higher risk of contracting these diseases.
However, the right dietary tips can strengthen your immunity and help you stay hale and hearty.
(2) Due to the humid climate, you may not feel too thirsty and consume just one litre of water every day. But you need to be well hydrated as sweat doesn't evaporate quickly in monsoon. Consequently, this prevents the body from releasing heat. So consume a lot of water as it helps to flush out toxins from the body. Ensure that the water is clean, pure and safe to drink. Avoid aerated drinks; instead consume warm beverages, such as green tea with holy basil leaves, ginger, pepper and honey as they have anti-bacterial properties. A bowl of hot vegetable soup is also a good option. The hot beverages increase your body temperature (which will in turn give you warmth) while the ingredients will boost your immunity.
(3) Consume fruits, such as cherries, bananas, apples, pomegranates, plums, litchis and pears as they are packed with anti-oxidants and are rich in vitamin A, E, C and minerals. Vegetables, such as cauliflower, potatoes, cluster beans, ladyfingers, kidney beans, pigeon pea and sprouted grains get spoilt easily due to the humidity. So, they should be avoided. Opt for cooked or steamed veggies. Avoid salads as they comprise raw vegetables that contain active bacteria which lead to various infections and affect the body's immunity. Avoid strong
smelling or extra sweet fruits, such as mangoes and jackfruit that attract flies as their excess intake can cause skin irritation and stomach ache. It's also important to store vegetables the right way during the rains. Do not wash the veggies thoroughly before storing, as the moisture will attract pathogenic fungus. These bacteria can spread to other susceptible food items as well, making them unhygienic. Instead, pat dry and store separate food items in different containers. Buy them in limited portions and use them as soon as possible.
(4) Dehydration makes your hair brittle and scanty. So hydrate yourself. Zinc and iron help to keep your tresses healthy and beautiful. Consume nuts, eggs and walnuts to maintain hair strength. Walnuts are rich in biotin and vitamin E, which are excellent antioxidants. Proteins are important for hair strength too. So add curd to your diet, as it is a great source of protein. Amla juice, oranges and other citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C. Vitamin C keeps your hair strong as it helps in production of collagen that among other things strengthens the hair capillaries (ensuring proper nutrient supply to our hair). Also, ensure that you wash your locks on alternate days and cover them well during the monsoon. Dried apricots,
roasted sunflower seeds and lentils are better foods to consume during monsoon than other iron-rich foods which are susceptible to microbial attack. Do not forget to eat yummy corn on cob as corn is also rich in iron and zinc.
5) So, the secret to enjoy the rains, without the fear of affecting your health is to go light on eating. Have a safe and healthy monsoon.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.

i. Drinking water helps in and ________. (1)

ii. Raw vegetables should be avoided because________.(1)

iii. The correct way to store veggies is to: (1)
A. wash them properly before storing
B. buy them in bulks
C. pat them dry, store separate items in different food containers
D. soak them in water

iv. Choose an appropriate heading for the given passage. (1)
A. How to Store Your Food During the Rainy Season
B. Beat the Monsoon Woes by Eating Right
C. Monsoon Sickness
D. Hair Fall Remedy

v. Which of these statements is false? (1)
A. Warm beverages like soup is healthier option than aerated drinks.
B. Vegetables such as cauliflower, bean sprouts, ladyfingers are more likely to get spoilt.
C Amla juice, oranges and other citrus fruits are rich in vitamin D.
D. Iron and Zinc helps in keeping our hair healthy

vi. Give two merits and two demerits of monsoon. (2)

vii. How can different beverages help in monsoon? (2)

viii. Discuss about the hair care during monsoons.(2)

ix. Read the headlines given below and identify the option that corresponds with message of the passage.(1)

(i) Rains mean crispy pakoras and cutting chai
(ii) The Rains do not bring diseases
(iii) Maintain your physical well-being during rains
(iv) The best hair days are rainy days

A. (i) and (ii)
B. only (iv)
C. (i), (ii) and (iv)
D. only (iii)


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1. The National Basketball Championship Women’s finals had all the ingredients of the Chak De climax. Till half-time, the Railways team, playing against the Chhattisgarh girls’ team, led on the scoreboard. And then, the unexpected happened. The Chhattisgarh girls tore into the Railway’s defences and every time they took a shot, the ball made it through the hoop. The scoreboard kept moving and at the final whistle, it stood in Chhattisgarh’s favour.
2. But more important than the victory, it is the stories of some of these players that make it a fantastic match. Most of the players come from poor families and have dealt with severe setbacks. Take the story of India’s tallest woman hoopster, Poonam Chaturvedi. A severe headache that had been bothering her for a long time, was diagnosed with brain tumour six months ago. She had lost her will to live but had joined the team to please her father, a constable in Uttar Pradesh. Within a few minutes into the game the headache had returned and she was benched. But when Captain Seema Singh fouled out, she was forced to return. She went on to put up a brilliant performance, despite the pain and anxiety.
3. Behind this stupendous success is coach Rajesh Patel, who has been running the Chhattisgarh Basketball Development Academy for 13 years. With financial backing from the steel plants in his area, he has been mentoring deserving boys and girls from tribal belts and training them for the game. A promise of employment and promotion if they excel in the game, keeps his girls going, says Patel.
4. So far, Patel has trained 1500 youngsters. Of the lot, the really disadvantaged children are taken into a hostel run by him and his wife Anita, till they are independent. Many of Patel’s protégés have gone on to perform at national and international events and the Chhattisgarh girls he has trained, claim a unique record of bringing home 74 medals in their 80 national-level appearances.
5. Yet none of these players have had an easy life. Seema Singh of the current team is its most experienced player. She had represented Chhattisgarh for the first time in 2002. When she was dropped from the Railways team earlier, due to a knee injury, she picked herself up and resumed playing for Chhattisgarh and won the national trophy for her coach, as she puts it.
6. Another team member, L Deepa, triumphed over a physical drawback. She is short and has found this a great disadvantage in a sport like basketball where height matters. But when Patel gave her a chance to come up to his expectations, Deepa more than measured up.
7. Others, like Bharti Nigam, came into the team as she could not make to the Railways team this year. This daughter of a police constable, she took this snub as a challenge and went on to become a professional player. Her sports teacher, she feels, motivated her to take up the sport as a career.
8. All these women together have thus scripted an unusual tale of great valour, indomitable courage and implicit trust in their coach to secure for India a great honour. For their team the win, over the giants, the Railways team, this victory has spelt a personal rewind of the typical underdog-who-triumphs movie of how they dunked the odds.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
At the National Basketball Women’s Finals ______________________ .
(i)the Chhattisgarh team was leading till half time
(ii)the Railway Women’s team were unexpected winners
(iii)the Chhattisgarh Women’s team tore at the opponent’s defences after half time
(iv)the Chhattisgarh Women’s team began to play professionally past half time
(b) With which statement given below would the readers of the passage disagree?
(i)The women’s team owe their success to their brilliant coaching.
(ii)The women’s team owe their success to their sports teacher.
(iii)The women’s team owe their success to how they dunked the odds against them.
(iv)The women’s team owe their success to their taking snubbing as a challenge.
(c) Comment on Poonam Chaturvedi’s role towards the victory of her team.
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
The women mentioned in the passage have scripted an unusual tale of _______________.
(e) Select the antonym for the word ‘suspended’ (para 5) from the text.
(i)suspected
(ii)resumed
(iii)subsumed
(iv)subverted
(f) Mention two players whose success is a personal rewind after health and physical disadvantage came their way.
(g) Based on your understanding of the text tell what role does stature play, in a game of basketball?
(h) List two reasons behind the motivation of coach Rajesh Patel for training tribal girls.
(i) Select a suitable sub-title if the title of the passage is ‘The Women Who Scripted History’. The sub-title could be ______________________ .
(i)Challenging the underdog syndrome
(ii)Challenging their superiors
(iii)Challenging themselves
(iv)Challenging and winning
→

Arthur lay in his cabin, still trying to piece together the events of the last few hours. He had watched his home planet of Earth be demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass, been saved by his
friend Ford, and then whisked away on a ship that was powered by an "infinite improbability drive."
It was all too much for him.
(5) Just then, Ford stuck his head around the door.
"Hey, Earthman," he said, "come and have a look at this."
Arthur stumbled after him down a corridor and into the ship's control room. He gazed in amazement
at the banks of controls and flashing lights. In the center of the room was a large console covered in
buttons and switches, and in the middle of the console was a small, white mouse.
(10) "What's that?" asked Arthur.
"That's the ship's computer," said Ford.
Arthur stared at the mouse. "That's a computer?" he said.
"Yup," said Ford. "Five-dimensional, biologically-based, super intelligent, and in the form of a white
lab mouse. Pretty neat, huh?"
(15)"I don't know," said Arthur. "I don't think I really understand anything anymore. Why is a mouse the
ship's computer?"
"It's a long story," said Ford. "But the short version is that the mice built the Earth as a giant computer
to figure out the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything. Then they ran out of money
and had to destroy it to make way for a hyperspace bypass. So now they're using the Heart of Gold to
(20) finish the calculation."
Arthur was about to say something, but at that moment the ship's intercom crackled to life.
"Good evening, Heart of Gold," said a smooth, computerized voice. "This is Eddie, your shipboard
computer. I'm feeling a bit depressed today. Would you like me to sing you a song?"
"Oh, not again," groaned Ford.
(25) "Eddie, would you mind shutting up?" said Arthur.
Arthur sighed and leaned back against the console, trying to make sense of everything. But as he
closed his eyes, he heard a voice inside his head.
"Hello?" it said.
Arthur jumped, startled. "Who's there?" he said.
(30) "It's me," said the voice. "Marvin."
"Marvin?" said Arthur. "Who's Marvin?"
"The Paranoid Android," said the voice.
(35) Arthur looked around, but he didn't see anyone. "Where are you?" he said.
"I'm down here," said the voice.
Arthur looked down and saw a small, metal figure shuffling across the floor. It was about three feet
tall, with a round head and a body that looked like it had been cobbled together from spare parts. Its
eyes were a dull red, and its voice was a monotone.
"I've been waiting for someone to talk to me for over two million years," said Marvin.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.

i. Select the option that classifies Arthur's confusion about drastic events such as the destruction of his home planet and the introduction of new technologies, correctly. (1)
A. Routine and boredom
B. Adventure and excitement
C. Loss and change
D. Calm and relaxation

ii. What is the significance of the white lab mouse in the control room of the Heart of Gold spaceship?(1)
A. It is the captain of the ship
B. It serves as the ship's computer
C. It is a pet of the crew
D. It is used for scientific experiments

iii. Share evidence from the text, in about 40 words to support the view that the writer’s writing style is descriptive and humourous.(2)

iv. Complete the sentence appropriately with a characteristic or its description.
Based on the information given in the excerpt, one can infer that the mice who built the Earth are ____________.

v. Select the option that is similar in meaning to Ford’s expression , “Pretty neat, huh?".(1)
A. Easy , isn’t it?
B. Could be worse, no?
C. Impressive, yes?
D. Too difficult for you?

vi. Explain, in about 40 words, why the name "The Paranoid Android" is considered ironic. (2)

vii. In the line, “…a body that looked like it had been cobbled together from spare parts…”, what comparison does the word “cobbled” refer to?(1)

viii How does the following, impact the reader, even though they know Marvin is just an android?
"I've been waiting for someone to talk to me for over two million years," said Marvin.
Answer in about 40 words.(2)

ix.Read the five headlines (a) -(e), given below:(1)

(a) HUMANITY'S JOURNEY WITNESSED BY A DEPRESSED ROBOT
(b) HITCHHIKING THROUGH SPACE: A COMICAL TAKE ON THE END OF THE WORLD
(c) NEW STUDY FINDS ALIENS LIVING AMONG US
(d) GROUNDBREAKING TECHNOLOGY WILL SOON ENABLE TIME TRAVEL
(e) INTERGALACTIC TRAVEL VIA NEW INFINITE IMPROBABILITY DRIVE

Identify the option that displays the headline/s that DOES/ DO NOT correspond with occurrences in the passage.
A. Only (a)
B. (b) (c) and (d)
C. Only (e)
D. (a) and (e)

→

(1) Suspense was over when my high school results finally came out. But I was upset. I had not done as well as I had expected. My father tried to console me. "Why are you worried? You have done very well my dear." "No, I have not Baba," I protested, controlling my tears, and wondering if I had disappointed him. "It does not really matter," he assured me. "Do you know what I got when I finished high school?" I looked into Baba's face and waited for the answer to his own question. "You know," he told me "I have never told you this. I got just a third division. But, look at me, I have done quite well." Baba got a third division! I was almost in shock, but the thought of my having done a lot better than that made me realize that I had no reason to complain. I certainly felt better! "Everything is under control!" said Baba, smiling. That was his favourite phrase. Posted in Kolkata, my father was then a senior official in the Indian Railway Service, and an expert in goods traffic operations. He was soon to become a director with the Railway Board. By the time he retired in 1981, he was general manager of the Central Railways. By the time Baba passed away in November 2000, his name had found place in several hearts as well. He was open, easy to know, and full of life. We were extremely close. but I had so much more to learn about him from many things I came to know after his death.
(2) In September 2000, he was in hospital for treatment of cancer and given just two months to live. When he found out, his reaction was an extremely rational one. He asked me to fetch files from his cupboard, so that he could explain the details of my mother's pension. He also dictated his will from his hospital bed. "Everything is under control!" After Baba's death, Satish, our old family retainer, was inconsolable. We tried to cheer him up. "Your Baba had scolded me only once in all these years!" he cried. Satish pointed to the watch on his left hand. "I had been coming late for work and everyone in the family was complaining about it," said Satish. "Then, one day, your Baba gave me this watch and told me, 'Now that you have a watch, you can't be late." That was the scolding Satish received. On the fourth day after Baba's death, my sister and I had to perform a ceremony. Since several relatives were expected, we decided to order lunch from a caterer in our locality, reputed for his home cooked food. But, when we went to pay to owner, we got a surprise. He refused to accept any money! "When I wanted to start my catering business, it was your father who lent me money," he told us. It seems Baba never asked for it back. Now, after four or five years, the caterer wanted to repay that debt. Of course, we made him accept the full payment for the fine food and service. "It was Baba's gift and it ought to remain so," I told him.
(3) Some days later, there was yet another piece of information as we were preparing for the main ceremony. Vikram, my brother drove me to the local market. On recognizing our car, the parking assistant, in his twenties, came running towards us and asked why he had not seen its owner for long. We had to break the news to him and to our utter surprise, he started crying. We were really surprised by this reaction from a stranger- until the man told us that Baba used to pay his daughter's school fees and buy her books. It seems, it was on my father's advice that he had even started sending the child to school. More than three years after Baba's death, as we were looking into Baba's personal things, we came across an old file with Baba's certificates and I found among them, his high school diploma from 1937, the one he told me about 30 years earlier, about the third division that had made no difference in his life or career. It had made me see beyond mere marks and first classes as the main road to success. But there was one more fact. Baba had actually
got a first division, a rare achievement in his day. Today, years after his passing, when I think of Baba, I see a man who was able to sympathise with others so easily and touch their lives in such a special way.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above."

i. "I was almost in shock ..." Pick the option in which the meaning of shock[ed] is not the same as it is in the passage.
A. Julie was deeply in shock by her grandmother's death.
B. He completely shocked everyone with his news.
C. When she went to China, she experienced culture shock.
D. When the doctor noticed that the health of the patient was not improving, he suggested the shock therapy.

ii. Based on your reading of the passage, choose the option that lists the correct sequence of the events. (1)

1. The narrator's result was declared.
2. The narrator's father told him about his high-school result.
3. The narrator went to the market with his brother, Vikram.
4. Baba passed away.
5. The narrator realised that his father had actually got a first division.

A. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4
B. 1,2,4,3,5
C. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
D. 4, 1, 3, 5, 2

iii. After the reading of the passage, it can be concluded that the narrator's father had a towards the people and society. approach (1)

iv. According to the passage, the narrator's high school result was(2)

v. How did the father console the narrator? (1)

vi. Describe the incident that happened with Satish and father. (2)

vii. Pick out the option that correctly lists the final feelings of the narrator after finding his father's old file. (1)

1. frustrated
2. satisfied
3. hopeful
4. arrogant
5. pessimistic
6. disappointed

A. 2 and 3
B. 4 and 6
C. 1 and 5
D. 5 and 6

viii. Choose the correct synonym of rational' as given in para 2, from the options given below.(1)

1. logical
2. reasonable
3. agitated
4. thoughtless

A. 1 and 4
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 1 and 2

ix. What connection did the narrator's father have with the parking assistant?

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1. Have you ever caught yourself scratching your head, twitching your ear, tapping your foot or playing with your keys or pen? If you have, you are a sure fidgeter. And it is very likely that the habit has carried over from childhood, when your wriggling probably exasperated—and sometimes amused—your parents and teachers. It is not a pleasant sight to see a grown-up person fidgeting; in fact, it is a distraction.
2. Recently, some doctors in Britain have discovered that not only is fidgeting quite normal, it even does you good.
3. Almost everybody fidgets when hot, cold, hungry, thirsty or tired. Being kept waiting also brings us to fidgets. Most of this is normal but then with some this translates into exaggerated mannerisms, that is where we have a problem. When the British doctors wired up volunteers to an electric ‘fidgetmeter’, followed by a gruelling interview, some stayed almost completely still. Others made up to 57 movements in half a minute. Since the rate went up when disturbing topics were raised, it seemed that those who fidgeted more were the anxious types, needing to release nervous energy.
4. This is what led to the conclusion that fidgeting has its uses too—since it helps get rid of stress that could sometimes lead to headaches, muscle pain or even ulcers. Fidgeting is also believed to fight the flab. Add up all those little movements made by fidgeters during their waking hours and they burn up as much energy as a jog, the report said.
5. While British doctors may feel that fidgeting is an expression of anxious behaviour, doctors here do not necessarily agree.
6. Meanwhile, a former assistant professor in Los Angeles opines that fidgeting is a sign of “some underlying tension which is causing anxiety”. While one cannot make generalised statements, some experts feel that pencil-suckers yearn for babyhood, teeth-grinders and fist clenchers seem to be holding back their aggression, foot tappers wish to be on the move and people who scratch may wish to injure themselves.
7. A leading psychiatrist gives a positive side to the anxiety angle. According to him, “a bit of anxiety is not harmful since it induces one to do better. It often brings out the best in people—while meeting deadlines, submitting reports or at interviews and examinations.” He gives the example of tennis players who play with “manageable anxiety”, but warns that when the fidgets turn to restlessness, it might affect performance. Often, he says, a person suffering from a neurological illness ends up fidgeting deliberately, “mainly to distract his companion from his actual problem. It could be something as harmless as the shaking of the hand or twitching of the eye.”
8. Refuting this, another psychiatrist insists that fidgeting in no way should be considered good. “It may be innocuous unless it is harming the fidgeter or annoying others, but, what fidgeting really reveals is a lack of confidence and even social phobia, besides, of course, anxiety. It, in fact, sends non-verbal messages to people who then treat the person accordingly — as nervous or anxious individuals,” he adds.
9. Unfortunately, fidgeters often find it hard to kick the habit, even when it’s socially unacceptable.
10. While those fidgeting are themselves perturbed by the habit, efforts in controlling it could cause other problems, because, “the person could get hypertense or worried about being unable to tackle it and get more fidgety in the process.” Experts, in the meantime, keep suggesting remedies or tricks to get out of fidgeting habits, like playing with a coin in your pocket or glove, or wearing a ring which you can rub without others noticing. In Greece, many taxi-drivers carry worry-beads which they click while waiting to combat fidgeting, while some stores in London’s West End once sold pieces of polished stone designed for gently stroking with the thumb.
11. Dr James Buyers, a neurologist of London, hopes for a more lasting and practical solution. “Anything that will stop the speed of modern life for even half a minute will definitely be beneficial,” he says.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
The habit of fidgeting in a grown up person is ______________________ .
(i)a childish habit in a grown up
(ii)a sign of exasperation and amusement
(iii)not a pleasant sight and a distraction
(iv)normal and does good
(b) Given below are some ways by which people who fidget can rid themselves of the habit with a lasting solution. Select the practical solution given by Dr Buyers.
(i)Playing with a coin in one’s pocket
(ii)Stopping the speed of life for even half a minute
(iii)Clicking on worry beads like Greek taxi drivers
(iv)Stroking polished stones with one’s thumb
(c) What are the positive speculations that the author makes about anxiety?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
According to British doctors, fidgeting is an expression of ___________.
(e) Select the antonym for the word ‘gruelling’.
(i)facile
(ii)facial
(iii)faceted
(iv)factice
(f)What are some commonalities noticed among various kinds of fidgeters?
(g) According to the author, what were the findings of British doctors using a fidgetmeter?
(h) State two ways by which people were assessed through the fidgetmeter.
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.The Curative Remedies for Fidgeting
2.The Jury is Still Out on Fidgeting
3.Tennis Players and Their Manageable Anxiety
4.Many Aspects of Fidgeting
5.Fidgeting – a necessity
Identify the option that displays the titles that Does/Do correspond with the passage.
(i)1 and 2
(ii)2 and 3
(iii)only 4
(iv)3 and 5
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1. Ghost nets aren’t supernatural, but they are legitimately scary. A ghost net is a fishing net that’s been lost or abandoned in the ocean. They are one particularly appalling part of the global ghost fishing problem, which includes fishing gear abandoned in the water. Any net or line left in the ocean can pose a threat to marine life. Just because a net is no longer used by fishers doesn’t mean it stops working. These nets continue to trap everything in their path, presenting a major problem for the health of our oceans and marine life.
2. Ghost nets entangle sea turtles, dolphins and porpoises, birds, sharks, seals and more, apart from catching fish. The nets keep animals from moving freely, cause injuries and keep mammals and birds from rising to the surface for air. Since hundreds of animals can be caught in a single net, this threat is monumental. The ghost nets harm coral reefs too—breaking corals, exposing them to disease and even blocking the reefs from needed sunlight.
3. Ghost nets are also a major contributor to the ocean plastics’ crisis. Most modern nets are made of nylon or other plastic compounds that can last for centuries. According to a 2018 study in Scientific Reports, ghost nets make up at least 46 per cent of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Those abandoned fishing lines and nets that do breakdown never go away; they just become smaller pieces of plastic. Marine animals mistake this microplastic for food and eat it, which can harm internal organs, keep them from eating and expose them to toxic chemicals.
4. Exorcising ghost nets from our oceans will require commitment, cooperation and innovation. Many groups are working to remove ghost nets from the sea and are collaborating with local fishers and governments around the world to identify target areas and remove as many nets as possible. In 2015, a single World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)-led mission in the Baltic Sea hauled up 268 tons of nets, ropes and other material.
5. To stop these nets from becoming ghosts in the first place, conservation organisations advocate for fishing gear that can be traced to its owner so anyone dumping nets can be fined and refundable deposits on nets to encourage returning or recycling rather than littering. Tools like sonar reflectors that can make ghost nets easier to find and working with small-scale fisheries to develop more sustainable fishing gear and practices are other suggestions. It is only by attacking this problem from all sides, together with conservation partners, fishers and supporters, can we banish ghost nets and protect our oceans.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the correct option.
Ghost nets have been named so because they
(i)cause much harm to the marine life.
(ii)are functional though not in use by fishers.
(iii)are not owned by anyone.
(iv)act as a snare for all animals in oceans.
(b) The writer would not agree with the given statements based on paragraph three, EXCEPT:
(a)Most ghost nets take a few years to completely disintegrate.
(b)Ghost nets contribute to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
(c)Most ghost nets provide nutrition to marine animals, upon disintegration.
(d)Ghost nets can curtail freedom of marine animals.
(c) Why is it fair to say that commitment and innovation have to go hand-in-hand to rid the oceans of ghost nets?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
Exorcising ghost nets from our oceans require ________________ .
(e) Select the option that conveys the opposite of ‘negligible’.
(i)unimpressive
(ii)monumental
(iii)exposing
(iv)threat
(f) List the two ways being entangled in a ghost net is likely to impact a walrus.
(Clue: Think about the type of animal a walrus is)
(g) Some records share that fishing nets used to be made of common rope using natural fibres, prior to the 1960s. Based on your understanding of paragraph three, list one major advantage that these had over the fishing nets being used in present times.
(h) Comment on the writer’s reference to the ghost nets in paragraph one, as a health problem for the oceans.
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.The Scary Side of Ghost Nets
2.Ghost Nets – A Result of Human Dominance
3.Ghost Nets – A Menace to Marine Life
4.Ways to Tackle the Problem of Ghost Nets
5.Ghost Nets – A Major Contributor
Identify the option that displays the options that does/do correspond with the passage.
(i)1 and 2
(ii)only 3
(iii)4 and 5
(iv)3 and 4
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(1) We often make all things around us the way we want them. Even during our pilgrimages we have begun to look for whatever makes our heart happy, gives comfort to our body and peace to the mind. It is as if external solutions will fulfil our needs, and we do not want to make any special efforts even in our spiritual search. Our mind is resourceful-it works to find shortcuts in simple and easy ways.
(2) Even pilgrimages have been converted into tourism opportunities. Instead, we must awaken our conscience and souls and understand the truth. Let us not tamper with either our own nature or that of the Supreme.
(3) All our cleverness is rendered ineffective when nature does a dance of destruction. Its fury can and will wash away all imperfections. Indian culture, based on Vedic treatises, assists in human evolution, but we are now using our entire energy in distorting these traditions according to our convenience instead of making efforts to make ourselves worthy of them.
(4) The irony is that humans are not even aware of the complacent attitude they have allowed themselves to sink to. Nature is everyone's Amma and her fierce blows will sooner or later corner us and force us to understand this truth. Earlier, pilgrimages to places of spiritual significance were rituals that were undertaken when people became free from their worldly duties. Even now some seekers take up this pious religious journey as a path to peace and knowledge. Anyone travelling with this attitude feels and travels with only a few essential items that his body can carry. Pilgrims traditionally travelled light, on foot, eating light, dried chickpeas and fruits, or whatever was available. Pilgrims of olden days did not feel the need to stay in special AC bedrooms, or travel by luxury cars or indulge themselves with delicious food and savouries.
(5) Pilgrims traditionally moved ahead, creating a feeling of belonging towards all, conveying a message of brotherhood among all they came across whether in small caves, ashrams or local settlements. They received the blessings and congregations of yogis and mahatmas in return while conducting the dharma of their pilgrimage. A pilgrimage is like penance or sadhana to stay near nature and to experience a feeling of oneness with it, to keep the body healthy and fulfilled with the amount of food, while seeking freedom from attachments and yet remaining happy while staying away from relatives and associates.
(6) This is how a pilgrimage should be rather than making it like a picnic by taking a large group along and living in comfort, packing in entertainment, and tampering with environment. What is worse is giving a boost to the ego of having had a special darshan. Now alms are distributed, charity done while they brag about their spiritual experiences!
(7) We must embark on our spiritual journey by first understanding the grace and significance of a pilgrimage and following it up with the prescribed rules and rituals - this is what translates into the ultimate and beautiful medium of spiritual evolution. There is no justification for tampering with nature.
(8) A pilgrimage is symbolic of contemplation and meditation and acceptance, and is a metaphor for the constant growth or movement and love for nature that we should hold in our hearts.
(9) This is the truth! Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above."

i. Pick out the option that is not true according to the passage. (1)
A pilgrim can keep his body healthy

a. by travelling a lot of places
b. by travelling light
c.by keeping free from attachment
d. by eating small amount of food
e.by eating snacks and rich food

A. Both a and b
B. only b
C. a, c, d, and e
D. only d

ii. As given in the passage, it states that most of the time, people prefer to do (1)

iii. Pick out the option that is TRUE about the pilgrimages, as discussed in the above passage. (1)
A. Pilgrimages have been converted into tourism nowadays.
B. Pilgrimages should be performed at the young age only.
C. One should avoid eating food while on a pilgrimage.
D. Pilgrimages should be done for the purpose of fun only.

iv. As per your understanding of the passage, choose the words that best describe the response of nature against cleverness shown by us.(1)

1. Catastrophic
2. Gratifying
3. Buoyant
4. Detrimental

A. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 1 and 2
D. 3 and 4

v.The word 'Amma' used by the writer signifies_______________________. (1)

vi. How does the human of today act?(2)

vii. How does nature show its anger?(2)

viii. Describe the traditional pilgrim.(2)

ix. Select the option that is similar to narrator's expression, "Nature is everyone's Amma"?(1)

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1. The conservation work on the many monuments and sites in the region of Humayun’s Tomb has been going on for some time. There have been various phases in this work. It started with a massive renovation of Humayun’s Tomb and moved to the nearby areas of Nizammudin Basti. This time, it is the 16th-century site of Nila Gumbad, near the Humayun’s Tomb Complex that is under consideration. For the people living in the area, these monuments hold special place.
2. To show their deep-seated involvement in the renovation of their area, the tiles that are being used for renovating the dome of the monument are being fashioned by local youths who have been trained by craftsmen who have specially come for this purpose from Uzbekistan. So far, this joint effort under Uzbek ‘ustads’ has yielded 15,000 tiles. This is not enough because almost 10 per cent of the tiles are missing from the monument and the current rate of production is not fast enough to meet this demand. Thus the tile manufacturing process has been sped up to meet the requirement.
3. The Nila Gumbad monument is one of the key components in the development plans drawn up. Its importance lies in the fact that historically and architecturally, it encompasses the Persian influence on Mughal architecture, specially through its unique tile work. The Chief Engineer of the tile-making project, Rajpal Singh, is happy with the youth as he says that the Uzbek masters have taught youths from the Basti to make tiles identical to the ones used in the Mughal period.
4. The complex nature of the restoration in hand has led to the involvement of several agencies who initiated the restoration work.
5. The Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), which first renovated Humayun’s Tomb, subsequently took up the renovation of the Nila Gumbad as part of the Humayun’s Tomb Complex renovation.
6. The work at the site which was first initiated as part of the Humayun’s Tomb Complex was taken up a few months ago by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. The protected monuments for renovation come under the aegis of the Archaeological Survey of India. Besides the Aga Khan Trust, there is a multidisciplinary team co-funding the restoration work alongside. Some of the funds are coming from the Dorabji Tata Trust as well.
7. Another player in the restoration process is the Northern Railways with whom the conservators have had talks to resolve the issues. The railways have not permitted the ongoing plans for implementation of a landscaping project that was agreed to in 2011. The railway authorities were also required to demolish a room which stands in the way of integrating the complex.
8. The millions of visitors who come to Humayun’s Tomb annually are thus denied the chance to envision the entire complex, due to these issues. Nevertheless, the conservation plans are on in full swing and are based on exhaustive documentation and an enhanced understanding of the structure’s potential to throw light on Mughal architecture in the early years and much before it had matured into the magnificent edifices of the later Mughal era.
9. The Nila Gumbad had remained in a state of neglect for some time. In 2008, the Archaeological Survey of India had uncovered an arcaded platform that stretches up to the Nila Gumbad and that established that the Nila Gumbad complex was once part of the Humayun’s Tomb Complex.
10. What few people realise is the fact that the Nila Gumbad is among the earliest buildings in Delhi, built by the Mughals. It had sandstone ‘jaalis’ which were subsequently removed in the 20th century and which will now see a comeback with the current restoration.
11. Apart from restoring what was once part of the monument, conservators will also undertake the massive task of removing those aspects of the monument that were added in the current times and which have defaced the fair face of this precious structure. The major cement plastering was done on the interior and exterior of this monument, without giving a thought to its original design and architecture. These surfaces are now being carefully removed bit by bit, so as not to damage the surface in the process. Once removed, these surfaces will once again be restored to their pristine glory by being plastered with traditional lime plaster, so that the restored monument gets back the feel and flavour of its original importance.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
The conservation work on the many monuments around the site of Humayun’s Tomb is currently concentrated on _________________ .
(i)the 16th century site of Nila Gumbad near the Humayun’s Tomb complex
(ii)the 16th century site of Nila Gumbad beyond the Humayun’s Tomb complex
(iii)the massive renovation of Humayun’s Tomb
(iv)in the nearby areas of Nizammudin Basti
(b) With which statement given below would the readers of the passage agree?
(i)The railways have permitted a plan for the landscaping of the project.
(ii)The railways have permitted a plan for the ongoing landscaping of the project.
(iii)The railways have fulfilled the plan they had agreed to in 2011.
(iv)The Northern Railways is in the process of renovating the project.
(c) How are the people in the area showing their deep-seated commitment to the renovation?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
In the Nila Gumbad Monument, we find the___________.
(e) Select the antonym for the word ‘initiated’.
(i)finessed
(ii)finetuned
(iii)completed
(iv)furnished
(f) List two reasons behind the conservation of the Nila Gumbad regarding its influence on the Mughal architecture.
(g) Give one reason why the renovation of the Nila Gumbad has been undertaken.
(h) Mention how the current cement plastering will be removed and the place be given back its ancient glory.
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.The Glorious Days of Humayun
2.Bringing Back the Gol Gumbad to its Tile Work
3.A Multi-pronged Restoration Project
4.Restoring the Nila Gumbad Complex to its former Glory
5.The decadent phase of Mughal Expire
Identify the option that displays the titles that Does/Do correspond with the passage.
(i)1 and 2
(ii)2 and 3
(iii)only 4
(iv)3 and 5
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1. Giving soothes an individual with the vibration of joy. Unconditional giving is a natural principle and evident everywhere in nature which gives us solids, liquids and minerals. Water gives itself away for our agriculture and other uses. Trees give flowers, fruits and wood. Air gives us the very life-breath and the sun gives us light of life.
2. Even the animals give us milk, egg, meat, skin and various services. But what do we humans contribute to the cosmos in return? Isn’t our role predominately selfish and destructive? We expand civilisation to disturb ecological balance, spread pollution in the fresh natural atmosphere, indulge in ruthless deforestation, kill animals even for sport and consume all natural resources for our own selfish interest.
3. It is always great to make donations, but what about giving your own time? It’s wonderful to drop off used clothing, books and toys at a shelter for the homeless, but what about spending an hour each week reading and playing with the deprived children? Come face to face with the person you are helping. It will make your giving more meaningful.
4. It is not about just the time that you give to the deprived children, but what you give to your family. Are you there when they need you? Or, is it always you who demand help and cooperation from the rest of your family members? How much do you care for the elderly that live with you or are far away from you? How do you utilise your spare moments? Isn’t it that you just sit before the television and keep on flipping the channels trying to find something that suits your interest? Shut it down! ... You can use these precious spare moments making a ‘Get Well Soon’ card for your grandmother, or someone dear to you not in good spirits, or send a letter via Internet. Why be on the ‘Facebook’ all the time chatting with your friends whom you already meet daily at school?
5. The law of karma is a natural law whereby we are paid back in the same coin. We have added much to our comforts but we have not been able to attain peace and tranquillity. We are constantly haunted by excessive greed for grabbing which is severely disturbing peaceful coexistence. We rarely do what we can for preservation of nature and even our own fellowmen. We have not moved much from the primitive selfish mentality where self-preservation was the law for survival.
6. What can we give back to the cosmos? We humans are predominantly gifted with mind and intellect. These are very sharp instruments indeed which can be used as surgeon’s knife for healing or an instrument for killing. Instead of nurturing anger, jealousy, hatred, selfishness and animosity, we can spread love, care, kindness and benevolence to all and thereby transform the earthly vibration into a heavenly one. If not anything else, we can at least pray for the happiness and well-being of all. We are here in the image of God. We have divine inheritance of love, wisdom and self-transformation. We may resolve to be engaged in divine enjoyment of nature and God’s creation with love. Jesus said, “Those that give shall receive.”
7. Instead of being always at the receiving end, let us abide by the principle of giving by all means and see how things change for humanity at large.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.
(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
Unconditional giving is a natural principle that
(i)gives us solids, liquids and in-betweens
(ii)solidifies nature and gives us minerals
(iii)liquefies nature into solids and minerals
(iv)gives us solids, liquids and minerals
(b) Choose the doable ways by which you can serve your family, without overexerting yourself.
(i)Donate your spare moments towards the family.
(ii)Making a ‘get well soon’ card for someone who is indisposed.
(iii)Chatting on Facebook.
(iv)(i) and (ii)
(c) What is the general consensus of opinion about civilisational growth and ecological balance?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
Human beings are predominantly gifted with ___________.
(e) Select the antonym of the word ‘ruthless’.
(i)composite
(ii)compassionate
(iii)composure
(iv)callous
(f) Mention how can we bring about a change in humanity by our actions?
(g) In the line “..... We are constantly haunted by excessive greed for grabbing which is severely disturbing peaceful existence.” What does the word ‘grabbing’ mean here?
(h) Based on your understanding of the text what are the prime responsibilities that make you a perfect donor?
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.Ask and thou shall receive.
2.The art of giving of oneself is the true soul liberator.
3.Poverty and giving are not co-related.
4.Our personal bounty is meant for giving away.
5.Divine inheritance of love and wisdom.
Identify the option that displays the title that Does/Do correspond with the passage.
(a)1 and 2
(b)3 and 4
(c)only 2
(d)3 and 5
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1. New Year is a holiday celebration that includes New Year’s Eve and lasts through New Year’s Day. New Year’s celebrations have been around for a long time in one form or another. They can be traced all the way back to the Babylonians at around 2,000 B.C. New Year’s Day was not always celebrated on January 1st as it is today. Earlier, the New Year was celebrated in the spring, as new life began to emerge in the world.
2. This tradition is quite sensible in relation to the seasons, however ancient cultures struggled to create a calendar that could retain alignment with the sun. The Romans went through several versions of calendars in which they inevitably changed the first day of the year to January first. Their final change to the calendar was made by Julius Caesar in the year 46 B.C. (the Julian calendar). Caesar also adopted January 1st as the first day of the year. The Julian calendar became the basis for our current calendar, so New Year’s Day is found at the top of the calendar on January 1st.
3. Certain Roman traditions of the New Year have remained in some form to this day. Among the many Roman gods was Janus, a two-headed God. Janus was considered the God of beginnings and endings, and the guardian of gates and doors. One of the heads of Janus faced forward and the other looked back. This figure was a symbol of good beginnings and endings to the Romans. One head was able to look backward to reflect upon what had passed, while the other could look forward to what was coming. The word ‘Janus’ is closely related to the word January.
4. The Romans considered the significance of Janus when they established their calendar, and named the first month after him. This Roman belief has continued on, in tradition to this day. In many ways, the modern celebration of New Year’s Day carries on ancient traditions. The holiday itself is celebrated from New Year’s Eve (in the old year) and continued on through New Year’s Day.
5. By observing the holiday in this manner, we are encouraged to look at the previous year as it passes away and to welcome the new one with renewed enthusiasm and desire to improve ourselves. New Year’s Day has traditionally been a day to enjoy happiness that will hopefully endure throughout the year. With the old year gone, and the New Year just beginning, it is a great time to fulfil another New Year’s tradition—to make resolutions.
6. On New Year’s Day, people begin to work at goals that will improve their circumstances. Some people achieve their New Year’s resolutions, while others lose sight of them over time. Here are a few ideas for making resolutions and a few ideas on how to achieve them.
7. It is good to set personal goals, but it can also be beneficial to set goals as a family. Sit down as a family and discuss a few ideas that you would like to achieve together. Working on goals as a family can be fun and rewarding. An additional benefit of working on goals as a family is that it gives you a support system that can make it easier to succeed. Set only a few goals, that are easy to remember and can be accomplished — reasonably and realistically.
8. Making too many goals can complicate your efforts and make you lose sight of many of them altogether. It is amazing how the rush of life can quickly overtake the genuinely good intentions of worthy goals. When goals are not written down, they can be easily forgotten. Write your goals down and post them somewhere where you will see them regularly. When your goals are written and clearly visible, you will be more likely to remember them and to follow good habits that lead to success.
9. Choose at least one resolution that will make you happy now. Many of the goals people choose are ones that lead to greater stress, discomfort, or displeasure, at least for the short term. A few examples are dieting, getting a better job, and quitting a bad habit like smoking. These are worthy goals, but they frequently cause greater stress while trying to achieve them.
10. In addition to these kinds of goals, choose a goal that increases your happiness such as taking an hour to relax each day, starting a new hobby, or spending time daily with the kids. The celebration of New Year’s Day is all about putting the past behind and looking forward to new and exciting things to come. Although Roman civilization passed from existence long ago, its traditions continue to influence the way New Year’s Day is celebrated today.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(a) Choose the most appropriate option.
The holiday celebration of New Year’s Day is _____________________ .
(i)since the time of the Babylonians, although not on New Year’s Day of the present time
(ii)since the time of 2000 BC and always on New Year’s Day
(iii)since the time of 2000 BC, under the Babylonians, albeit not on 1st January as it is currently
(iv)on Babylonian New Year’s Day since 2000 BC although not on a fixed January day
(b) With which statement given below would the readers of the passage agree?
(i)The rush of life can easily overtake the good intentions behind the goals we have set.
(ii)The writing down of one’s goals can overtake good intentions.
(iii)Good intentions about goals are remembered when we follow good habits.
(iv)Good habits are the goals that are set when we write them down.
(c) What is the general consensus of opinion about New Year’s Day?
(d) Complete the sentence appropriately.
The celebration of New Year’s Day is all about ___________.
(e) Select the antonym for the word ‘traditionally’.
(i)divisionally
(ii)divergently
(iii)divisively
(iv)deferentially
(f) Based on your understanding of the text, what are the various advantages of setting New Year goals as a family?
(g) List two reasons behind the remaining of Roman traditions as regards the New Year.
(h) Mention how the making of too many resolutions is a drawback rather than a benefit.
(i) Read the five titles (1)-(5) given below.
1.The Need for a Judicious Selection of Goals, on New Year’s Day
2.Judicious Selection of New Year Goals-a Must
3.Judiciary’s Selection of New Year Goals
4.New Year Goals and Judicious Selection are Inseparable Twins
5.New Year Goals-not fixed
Identify the option that displays the options that Does/Do correspond with the passage.
(i)1 and 2
(ii)3 and 4
(iii)only 2
(iv)4 and 5
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