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Chemical Bonding - Lonic and Covalent Compounds — Chemistry STD 10 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ChemistryChemical Bonding - Lonic and Covalent Compounds2 Marks
Question
(a) Why is methane molecule regarded as a non-polar covalent compound?
(b) Why is hydrogen chloride molecule called a polar covalent compound?
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Answer

(a) It has been found that a methane molecule has a three-dimensional tetrahedral structure. The four carbon hydrogen bonds are directed towards the four corners of a tetrahedron. In such a configuration, none of the participating atoms is more electrically charged as compared to other atoms. Hence, methane molecule is a non-polar covalent compound.
(b) In case of hydrogen chloride, the strong nuclear charge of chlorine atom attracts the electron of hydrogen atom far away from its nucleus. Thus, the hydrogen atom develops a slightly positive charge $\left(\delta^{+}\right)$ and the chlorine atom develops a slightly negative charge $\left(\delta^{-}\right)$. Such a covalent bond between the atoms of hydrogen and chlorine is called a polar covalent bond.

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