Question
An object placed in one medium when seen from the other medium, appears to be vertically shifted. Name two factors on which the magnitude of shift depends and state how does it depend on them.
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(i) Draw a string around the pulleys. Also show the place and direction in which the effort is applied.
(ii) What is the velocity ratio of the system?
(iii) What is the mechanical advantage of the system?
(iv) What assumption do you make in arriving at your answer in part (iii)?

(i ) What is the p.d . across the 4 Ω resistor?
(ii ) Calculate the p.d . across the in ternal resistance of the cell.
(iii ) What is the p.d . across the R Ω or 2 Ω resistors?
(iv) Calculate the value of R.
or
State Fleming’s right-hand rule.
The total resistance of three lengths of this wire each 1.5 m long, in parallel.