Assertion (A) : Adsorption is a spontaneous process. Reason (R) : Adsorption is always accompanied by decrease in free energy. When molecules are adsorbed, there is always a decrease in randomness of the molecules. (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A. (c) Both A and R are wrong. (d) A is correct but R is wrong.

Assertion (A) : Adsorption is a spontaneous process. Reason (R) :…

Assertion (A) – Ni (II) compounds are thermodynamically more stable than Pt (II) compounds.
Reason (R) – The energy required to form $Ni^{2-}$ is less than that of $Pt ^{2+}$

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Assertion (A) – Sulphuric acid is highly reactive.
Reason (R) – Sulphuric acid can act as strong acid and an oxidising agent.

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Assertion (A) : Chromatography is a very effective method and used for identification, detection and estimation of micro quantities of many substances.
Reason (R) : Chromatography technique is applied for separation and detection of components in a mixture it is mainly based on adsorption of components on the surface of adsorbents.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are correct.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct

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Assertion (A) : Effective and efficient conversion is the special characteristic of enzyme catalysed reactions.
Reason (R) : An enzyme may transform a million molecules of reactants to products in a minute.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.

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(A): P - nitro phenol is having lower $pK _{ a }$ value than phenol.
Reason (R): The electron with drawing group - $NO _2$ at para position enhances the acidic nature.
(a) Both $A$ and $R$ are correct and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$.
(b) BothAand Rare wrong
(c) A is wrong but R is correct
(d) A is correct but R is wrong

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Assertlon(A): HCl is an strong acid while HCOOH is a weak acid.
Reason (R): HCI is completely ionised in water whereas HCOOH is paritally ionised in water.
(a) Both A and R are wrong
(b) A is wrong but R is correct
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

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Assertion (A) – Xenon is used in high speed electronic flash bulbs used by photographers.
Reason (R) – Xenon emits an intense light in discharge tubes instantly.

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(A): Primary alcohols are more acidic than tertiary alcohol.
Reason (R): Alkyl groups (electron releasing group) increases the electron density on oxygen and decreases the polar nature of – OH bond. Hence it results in the decrease in acidity.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are not correct
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) A is wrong but R is correct

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Assertion(A) – Clay is an ore of aluminium while bauxite is not.
Reason (R) – Aluminium can be economically extracted from bauxite not from clay.
(a) A and R are correct, R explains A
(b) A and R are correct, R does not explains A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) A is wrong but R is correct

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Assertion (A): In the reaction $HCl + H _2 O \rightleftharpoons H _3 O ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}, HCl ^{-}$and $Cl ^{-}$are conjugate acid - base pair.
Reason (R): By Lowry – Bronsted theory, chemical species that differ only by a proton are called conjugate acid – base pair.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are wrong
(c) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.

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