Define a coordinate bond and give the conditions for its formatio… - Vidyadip

Question

Define a coordinate bond and give the conditions for its formation.

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Answer

The bond formed between two atoms by sharing a pair of electrons, provided entirely by one of the combining atoms but shared by both is called a coordinate bond. It is represented by an arrow starting from the donor atoms and ending in the acceptor atom.
Conditions:
1. One of the two atoms must have at least one lone pair of electrons.
2. Another atom should be short of at least a lone pair of electrons.
The two lone pair of electrons in the oxygen atom of water is used to form coordinate bond with the hydrogen ion which is short of an electron resulting in the formation of the hydronium ion.
$H_2O + H^+ \rightarrow H_3O^+$
Over here the hydrogen ion accepts one lone pair of electrons of the oxygen atom of water molecule leading to the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

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