Define electric potential difference. State the formula for it. Name and define the SI unit of potential difference.
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Answer
Definition of electric potential difference : The electric potential difference (p.d.) between any two points A and B in an electric field is the work done to move a unit positive charge $(+1 C )$ from one point A to the another point B against the electric force due to the electric field.Potential difference ( $V$ ) between two points $ =\frac{\text { Work done }(W)}{\text { Charge }(G)} $ $\rightarrow$ If potential at point A is $V_{ A }$ and that at point B is $V_{ B }$, electric potential difference between points A and B is $ \binom{\text { Potential at }}{\text { Final Point B }}-\binom{\text { Potential at }}{\text { Initial Point A }}=\frac{W}{g} $ $ \text { i.e., } V_{B}-V_{A}=\frac{W}{\Omega} ... ...(11.3)$ $\rightarrow$ If $V_{ B }-V_{ A }$ is denoted by $V, V=\frac{W}{\Omega}$ $\rightarrow$ Electric potential difference (p.d.) is also known as voltage. $\rightarrow$ The SI unit of p.d. is volt or joule/coulomb. Definition of the volt : The potential difference between two points in an electric field is said to be 1 volt if 1 J of work is done to move a charge of 1 C from one point to another point. $\left(1 V=\frac{1 J}{ IC }\right)$
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