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Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 SciencePhysicsElectrostatic Potential and Capacitance3 Marks
Question
Define polarization.
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Answer

The process of separating charges by pulling atoms in a dielectric in an induced electric field is called polarization. The pull of the atoms continues until the force exerted by the electric field on the charges becomes equal to the restoring force. Due to this stretching, the positive centre of gravity of the nucleus and the negative centre of gravity, which is formed due to the electrons, get separated from each other. And thus the atoms acquire dipole moment. That is, the dipole moment per unit volume of a substance is called its polarization and it is denoted by $\vec{p}$.
For linear isotropic dielectrics $ \vec{p}=\chi_0 E $
Here, $\chi_0$ is a constant characteristic of the dielectric which is called the electrical tendency of the dielectric medium.

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