Environment and Natural Resources — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

How were the smaller states helpful to the Super Powers as their allies during the Cold War? Explain.

Evaluate the role of “Naxalite Movement in India”.

Mention any three social movements of India. Explain their main objectives?

Study the above newspaper illustration carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Identify the main issue that sparked off the agitation.
2. What did the National Front Government decide in favour of or against the issue?
3. How did the coalition partners in the National Front react to this decision?

'We have a Muslim minority who are so large in numbers that they cannot, even if they want, go any where else. That is a basic fact about which there can be no argument. Whatever the provocation from Pakistan and whatever the indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims there, we have got to deal with this minority in a civilised manner We must give them security and the rights of citizens in a democratic State. If we fail to do so, we shall have a festering sore which will eventually poison the whole body politic and probably destroy it.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Letter to Chief Ministers, 15 October,1947.

1. In spite of indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims by Pakistan, why Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to deal with the Muslim minority in a civilised way?
2. Why this minority should be given the security and rights on the same footing as to all others in a democratic system?
3. If this minority was not provided security and rights, what kind of scenario is envisaged?

Explain the three types of U.S.Hegemony and give suitable examples for each.

Analyse any three major factors responsible for evolving the European Union (E.U.) from an economic union to a political one.

The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of such movements against 'outsiders'. The Assamese suspected that there were huge numbers of illegal Bengali Muslim settlers from Bangladesh. They felt that unless these foreign nationals are detected and deported, they would reduce the indigenous Assamese into a minority. There were other economic issues too. There was widespread poverty and unemployment in Assam despite the existence of natural resources like oil, tea and coal. It was felt that these were drained out of the State without any commensurate benefit to the people.

1. Name the group that led the movement against outsiders in 1979.
2. Why did the Assamese seek the detection and deportation of the outsiders?
3. what were the economic issues taken up as part of the movement?

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Movements are not only about collective assertions or only about rallies and protests. They involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems, similar demands and similar expectations. But then movements are also about making people aware of their rights and the expectations that they can have from democratic institutions. Social movements in India have been involved in these educative tasks for a long time and have thus contributed to expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions.

1. Mention any one right granted to the people of India as a result of any movement.
2. How far do you agree that social movements have contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions?
3. What is the relationship between the movements and the democratic institutions?

‘‘Nepal and India enjoy a very special relationship that has very few parallels in the world.’’ Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.