PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT — OCM STD 12 Commerce — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceOCMPRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT5 Marks
Question
Describe the principles of scientific management.
✓
Answer
Principles of Scientific Management as given by Fredrick Taylor:
$1.$ Scientific method:
Traditional methods should be abandoned and instead scientific methods should be adopted for working. Managers should think how the work can be done in the best way by analyzing it scientifically.
$2.$ Planning and Implementation:
Instead of leaving the function of planning and implementation on workers, experts should draft the plans and workers should follow.
$3.$ Job analysis:
Analysis of the job to be done should be done before starting it. This is the best way to get work done speedily that too with lower cost.
Under job analysis, time and motion study, as well as fatigue study, should be done. This will decrease the cost of production and increase productivity.
$4.$ Standardization:
Products and process should be standardized and process should be simplified. Doing so will reduce rework and produce all products or services with same desired specifications.
Standardization and simplification can be done for equipment, time, work environment, resources, etc.
$5.$ Scientific selection and training:
Workers should be selected through appropriate and scientific methods.
Standards or benchmarks should be set for education of employees, skill, guts, physical strength, training, etc. before selecting them.
Moreover, an employee should be assigned work which is appropriate to his education, study and skill.
Training should be provided to the workers from time to time to increase their efficiency.
A variety of scientific tests should be designed and used to know their work interest.
$6.$ Financial motivation:
Skilled and efficient workers should be given financial and other motivations. Several wage schemes have been recommended for motivating employees.
The wage system must be adopted on the basis of individual productivity of employee.
Wage rate should not be decided on the basis of speculation or randomness but only after conducting scientific study.
$7.$ Economical measures:
While implementing the scientific management, the stress should be also put on econorhical ways of management rather than only scientific and technical methods of management. The unit should emphasize on low cost production too.
Cost estimation arid cost control methods should be considered well in advance. Moreover, if-there occurs deviation in the estimations and their implementations then corrective action should be taken.
$8.$ Mental revolution:
Mental revolution should take place between owners and workers for achieving objectives.
Mental revolution reduces stress between owners and workers and makes achievement of goals easy.
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