Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Mention the type of compounds formed when small atoms like H, C and N get trapped inside the crystal lattice of transition metals. Also give physical and chemical characteristics of these compounds.

Explain the following :
(i) Fermentation
(ii) Dehydration
(iii) Hydrogen bonding in alcohols.

Graphically explain the effect of temperature on the rate constant of reaction. How can this temperature effect on rate constant be represented quantitatively?

Explain the structure and classification of animes.

Explain the effect of substitutents on the basic strength of aromatic amines.

A hydrocarbon ‘A’, (C₄H₈) on reaction with HCl gives a compound ‘B’, (C₄H₉Cl), which on reaction with 1 mol of NH₃ gives compound ‘C’, (C₄H₁₁N). On reacting with NaNO₂ and HCl followed by treatment with water, compound ‘C’ ields an optically active alcohol, ‘D’. Ozonolysis of ‘A’ gives 2 moles of acetaldehyde. Identify the compounds ‘A’ to ‘D’. Explain the reactions involved.

1. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl₂(M = 95 g mol^–1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming MgCl₂ undergoes complete ionization. (K_f for water= 1.86 K kg mol^–1)
2.  

1. Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
2. What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?

What is meant by stability of a coordination compound in solution? State the factors which govern stability of complexes.

The experimental data for decomposition of N₂O₅
[2N₂O₅ → 4NO₂ + O₂]
in gas phase at 318K are given below:

t/s	0	400	800	1200	1600	2000	2400	2800	3200
102 × [N2O5]/mol L-1	1.63	1.36	1.14	0.93	0.78	0.64	0.53	0.43	0.35

1. Plot [N₂O₅] against t.
2. Find the half-life period for the reaction.
3. Draw a graph between log[N₂O₅] and t.
4. What is the rate law?
5. Calculate the rate constant.
6. Calculate the half-life period from k and compare it with (ii).