Question
Differentiate between incomplete dominance and co-dominance. Substantiate your answer with one example of each.
✓
Answer
Co-dominance is the phenomenon in which both the alleles of a contrasting character are expressed in the heterozygous condition. Both the alleles of a gene are equally dominant. ABO blood group in human beings is an example of co-dominance. The blood group character is controlled by three sets of alleles, namely, $I^A, I^B$, and i. The alleles, $I^A$ and $I^B$, are equally dominant and are said to be co-dominant as they are expressed in the AB blood group. Both these alleles do not interfere with the expression of each other and produce their respective antigens. Hence, the AB blood group is an example of co-dominance.
Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon in which one allele shows incomplete dominance over the other member of the allelic pair for a character. For example, a monohybrid cross between the plants having red flowers and white flowers in Antirrhinum species will result in all pink flower plants in the $F_1$ generation. The progeny obtained in $F_1$ generation does not resemble either of the parents and exhibits intermediate characteristics. This is because the dominant allele, R, is partially dominant over the other allele, r. Therefore, the recessive allele, r, also gets expressed in the $F_1$ generation resulting in the production of intermediate pink flowering progenies with Rr genotype.
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Allele from Parent 1
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Allele from Parent 2
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Genotype of offspring
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Blood type of offspring
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$I^A$
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$I^A$
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$I^A I^A$
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A
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$I^A$
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$I^B$
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$I^AI^B$
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AB
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$I^A$
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i
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$I^A i$
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A
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$I^B$
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$I^A$
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$I^A I^B$
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AB
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$I^B$
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$I^B$
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$I^BI^B$
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B
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$I^B$
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i
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$I^B i$
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B
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i
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i
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i i
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O
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Using Punnett square demonstrate the law of independent assortment in a dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents.
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S. No.
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Column I
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Column II
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A
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Transcription
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1
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A set of three bases on RNA that is complementary to the bases of codon on mRNA.
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B
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Anticodon
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2
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A unit of DNA that codes for a polypeptide.
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C
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Cistron
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3
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Process of synthesis of polypeptide as dictated by mRNA.
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D
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Translation
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4
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Process by which mRNA carries the information from nucleus to ribosomes.
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