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The d-and f-Block Elements — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryThe d-and f-Block Elements3 Marks
Question
Discuss applications of d and $f-$Block element.
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Answer

$\rightarrow$ Iron and steels. construction materials. are the most important
$\rightarrow$ Their production is based on the reduction of iron oxides, the removal of impurities and the addition of carbon and alloying metals such as $\text{Cr, Mn}$ and $Ni.$
$\rightarrow$ Some compounds are manufactured for special purposes such as $\text{TiO}$ for the pigment industry and $MnO_2$ for use in dry battery cells.
$\rightarrow$ The battery industry also requires $Zn$ and $Ni/Cd.$
$\rightarrow UK$ 'copper' coins are copper$-$coated steel. The 'silver' $UK$ coins are a $Cu/Ni$ alloy. Many of the metals and/or their compounds are essential catalysts in the chemical industry.
$\rightarrow V_2O_5$ catalyses the oxidation of $SO_2$ in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
$\rightarrow TiCl_4$ with $Al(CH_3)_3$ forms the basis of the Ziegler catalysts used to manufacture polyethylene $($polythene$).$
$\rightarrow$ Iron catalysts are used in the Haber process for the production of ammonia from $N_2/H_2$ mixtures. Nickel catalysts enable the hydrogenation of fats to proceed.
$\rightarrow$ In the Wacker process the oxidation of ethyne to ethanal is catalysed by $PdCl_2.$ Nickel complexes are useful in the polymerisation of alkynes and other organic compounds such as benzene. The photographic industry relies on the special light$-$sensitive properties of $\text{AgBr}.$

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