Discuss the technological innovations which improved farming in India.
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Answer
INCREASE IN PRODUCTION: Before the 1970s, Indian agricultural output did not rise much to meet the country's needs.The mid-1960s was a disaster as far as India's agricultural sector was concerned. The country witnessed a massive shortfall in agricultural output when the vast number of people faced the twin blows of hunger and malnutrition. This then demanded innovative effort on a massive scale which later introduced the green revolution comprising a package of modem inputs—irrigation, improved seeds, and fertilizers etc. The green revolution is driven by the technology revolution: seed-fertilizer-water technology or modem technology. C. Rangarajan, in 1982estimated an increase of 1.0 % in the agriculture sector growth rate. With this technology, India witnessed a boom in production and yield.
INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT: With the advancement of technology, the outdated and old techniques of farming can now be replaced by the farmers. Due to the implication of Green Revolution, government is focusing on the inclusive growth pattern in agriculture sector too, so that large mass of unemployed labors can be given wages. Techniques like multiple cropping, double cropping, proper irrigation facilities, HYV seeds will help the farmers to self earn and contribute in the growth of Indian Economy.
COMMERCIALISATION: Advancement in new and improved technology will help in more and high yield production of some of the leading exports from the country have like jute goods, tea, oil, cakes, tobacco, spices, coffee, etc. By exporting them, it has been possible to import in return the much-needed machinery and manufactured goods.
REDUCTION IN THE DEPENDENCY OF CLIMATE: Invention like poly houses has given the opportunity to the farmers to grow vegetables under the technically build poly houses which provide proper temperature to the vegetables which were unable to grow in that regions climate. For example in the regions of Rajasthan, farmers are making use of poly houses to grow tomato, potato, green vegetables which were once not possible for them.
RESEARCHES ARE BEING DONE: New laboratories and research centers are being opened up to carry forward different types agriculture related research. These national level centers like Krishi Vigyan Kendra are helping farmers with the new farming techniques and new variety of seeds for better level of production. And to do the research new and modern technologies are being used by the agro scientists and researchers.
PROVIDER OF GLOBAL MARKET: After the period of 1990s the Indian economy was opened and global level competition was there. Seeing other countries progress Indian agriculture was also given a boost with the help of technology due to which finished and good variety of food grains can be produced and that can compete in the global market. With the proper irrigation system, good fertilizers, pesticides and HYV seeds Indian agriculture saw a boost in the level of production, which ultimately created a demand in the global market. For example Indian spices, jute, tea, cotton, silk, has a place in global market.
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