Control and Co-ordination — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Disposal of untreated sewage into the river or freshwater pond causes huge water pollution. Four water samples from different sources (A, B, C, D) are collected and tested for BOD value in a lab to assess their quality. The BOD values are presented in the given table. Water samples are collected from primary effluent, secondary effluent, untreated sewage and river water. Study the given table and answer the following.

Sample	BOD
A	20mg/ L
B	5mg/ L
C	300mg/ L
D	400mg/ L

1. The source of sample 'C' is:

1. River water.
2. Primary effluent.
3. Secondary effluent.
4. Untreated sewage water.

2. If sewage in untreated condition is disposed off in a freshwater body then.

1. BOD and dissolved oxygen both will increase.
2. BOD will increase and dissolved oxygen will decreas.
3. BOD will decrease and dissolved oxygen will increase.
4. BOD and dissolved oxygen both will decrease.

3. A large number of pathogenic microbes can be present in water sample of:

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. Both (a) and (c).

4. High value of BOD in sample O is due to:

1. High amount of organic wastes and aerobic microbes.
2. High amount of inorganic wastes and anaerobic microbes.
3. High amount of organic wastes and anaerobic microbes.
4. High amount of inorganic wastes and aerobic microbes.

5. River water is represented by the sample.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
In today's world, more than 25% of human population is suffering from hunger and malnutrition. Scientists have developed techniques where microbes are grown on industrial scale as a source of good protein which can be grown from waste water, animal manure and even sewage. Single cell proteins are such products. TI1e biomass or protein is extracted from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria. These are a very good source of food for human consumption.

1. Why the name single cell protein is applied?

1. It contains only one type of protein.
2. It is obtained from unicellular edible microbes.
3. It contains only one type of microorganism.
4. All of these.

2. Which of the following is considered under single cell protein?

1. Algae.
2. Fungi.
3. Cyanobacteria.
4. All of these.

3. Microorganisms can be a useful food resource for increasing human population because:

1. These are easy to harvest.
2. These can grow in water system.
3. They have a high rate of multiplication thus producing huge biomass.
4. They have high level of nucleic acid.

4. Single cell protein can be grown from:

1. Waste water.
2. Animal manure.
3. Sewage.
4. All of these.

5. Assertion: Production of single cell protein reduces pollution.

Reason: Single cell protein can be grown from waste water and even sewage.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Distinguish Between: Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Distinguish between : Genetic diversity and Species diversity.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Aditya went to his hometown located in countryside along with his parents during his summer vacations. His grand parents' house is surrounded by farmland from all sides. Lots of crops were growing nearby and Aditya was very excited to visit the crop fields. He seeked permission from his mother to play in farmland along with his friends and then went to play in the fields. On returning back he had running nose, watering eyes and continuous sneezing which was very frequent. TI1e symptoms worsened with time. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. What could be the possible reason for Aditya's condition?

1. Allergy
2. Infection
3. Malnutrition
4. Genetic disorder

2. How can allergy be diagnosed in a person?

1. Presence of large amount of IgE antibodies in the blood.
2. Presence of large number of bacteria in the blood.
3. Presence of bilirubin and bilirubin pigments in the stool.
4. Presence of sickle shaped RBCs in the blood

3. The symptoms which Aditya developed on account of being allergic are consequence of?

1. Inflammation of membrane lining the nose and conjunctiva
2. Swelling up of tissue surrounding bronchioles of lungs
3. Dilation of all arteries so that large amount of fluid passes from blood to tissues.
4. All of these.

4. Name the type of allergy that Aditya developed.

1. Asthma
2. Anaphylaxis
3. Hay fever
4. Urticaria

5. Assertion : Hay fever is the form of allergy due to pollens of grasses and other plants.

Reason : Hay fever symptoms are due to release of histamines and often respond well to treatment with antihistamines.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
In a study to test a new vaccine against a viral disease, mouse model testing is done. In this process, mice are vaccinated and their blood samples were tested. Mice developed mild disease symptom. After few days those mice were again infected with the virus. This time they do not show any disease symptoms. Their blood samples were tested. Two graphs show antibody concentration for the first and second infection in mice blood.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. P and Qin the given graphs indicate.

1. IgM and IgG respectively.
2. IgG and IgM respectively
3. IgG and IgM respectively
4. IgM and IgA respectively.

2. Which form of pathogen is used in vaccination?

1. Activated and strong pathogenic antigen.
2. Inactivated and weakened pathogenic antigen.
3. Hyperactive and strong pathogen.
4. Preformed antibodies.

3. Which of the following is incorrect for P?

1. It is the most abundant class of lg.
2. It is found in blood, lymph, and intestine.
3. It is unable to cross the placental barrier.
4. It is a monomer.

4. How does vaccination work?

1. The immune system produces antibodies which stay in the blood.
2. Memory lymphocytes remain in the body to fight off any future infection with the same pathogen.
3. The dead pathogen stays in the body and constantly stimulates the immune system.
4. All of these.

5. Assertion: Mice do not show any disease symptoms during second exposure to the pathogenic virus.

Reason: The antibody production is accelerated and more intense during secondary immune response.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Siddharth is a chain smoker. He got into this habit in early adolescence due to peer pressure and gradually got addicted to this habit. Its now almost 20 years he is into the habit of smoking. Since few months he is experiencing pain in chest, shortness of breath, wheezing and chronic cough with phlegm. He seeked advice of a medical practitioner who diagnosed him with lung cancer. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. What do you think is the possible carcinogen responsible for Siddharth's lung cancer?

1. Nitrosamines
2. Benzo(a)pyrene
3. Hydrazine
4. All of these

2. How is lung cancer diagnosed?

1. Computerised tomography scan
2. Sputum cytolog
3. Biopsy of lung tissue
4. All of these

3. From which of the following type of cancer is Siddharth suffering from?

1. Sarcoma
2. Carcinoma
3. Lymphoma
4. Leukemia

4. Select the correct statement.

1. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat lung cancer.
2. Chemotherapy involves the exposure of cancerous parts to X rays which destroy rapidly growing cancer cells.
3. Surgical removal of lung cancer tissue is suggested at advanced stage 4.
4. Monoclonal antibodies can effectively treat lung cancer and can cure it completely.

5. Assertion: Lung cancer if not treated at an early stage can spread to other initial organs of the body.

Reason: Cancer cell have uncontrolled proliferation and ability to invade new sites (metastasis).

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Distinguish between: Primary sex organs and Secondary sex organs.

Inorganic fertilizers and Organic fertilizers / biofertilizers.