Natural Vegetation and Wildlife — Social Studies STD 9 — Question

Describe global poverty trends.

“The relief of India displays a great physical variation. Explain how?

Describe how the Himalayas were formed.

Why are forests important for human beings?

Read the following answer the questions that follow:
Rubber extraction in the Putumayo: 'Everywhere in the world, conditions of work in plantations were horrific. The extraction of rubber in the Putumayo region of the Amazon, by the Peruvian Rubber Company (with British and Peruvian interests) was dependent on the forced labour of the local Indians, called Huitotos. From 1900-1912, the Putumayo output of 4,000 tons of rubber was associated with a decrease of some 30,000 among the Indian population due to torture, disease and flight. A letter by an employee of a rubber company describes how the rubber was collected. The manager summoned hundreds of Indians to the station:
He grasped his carbine and machete and began the slaughter of these defenceless Indians, leaving the ground covered with 150 corpses, among them, men, women and children. Bathed in blood and appealing for mercy, the survivors were heaped with the dead and burned to death, while the manager shouted, "I want to exterminate all the Indians who do not obey my orders about the rubber that I require them to bring in."
Michael Taussig, 'Culture of Terror-Space of Death', in Nicholas Dirks, ed., Colonialism and Culture, 1992.

1. What was the condition of the plantation workers throughout the world?
2. What was called Huitotos?
3. What did the manager do with the Indian labourers?

Here is the letter written by Mahatma Gandhi to Adolf Hitler on June 23rd, 1939. DEAR FRIEND,
Friends have been urging me to write to you for the sake of humanity. But I have resisted their request, because of the feeling that any letter from me would be an impertinence. Something tells me that I must not calculate and that I must make my appeal for whatever it may be worth.
It is quite clear that you are today the one person in the world who can prevent a war which may reduce humanity to the savage state.
Must you pay that price for an object however worthy it may appear to you to be? Will you listen to the appeal of one who has deliberately shunned the method of war not without considerable success?
Anyway I anticipate your forgiveness, if I have erred in writing to you.
I remain, Give five values which can be reflected from the above letter.

‘Democracy is based on consultation and discussion'. Explain this statement.

How was slavery finally abolished in France?
OR
Describe the triangular slave trade that was carried on in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. What steps were taken to end slavery in French colonies?

Describe different types of animals and birds found in different parts of the country.
Or
Describe the rich fauna of India.

Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:

• Railways.
• Shipbuilding.
• Agricultural expansion.
• Commercial farming.
• Tea/Coffee plantations.
• Adivasis and other peasant users.