Changing Cultural Traditions — History STD 11 Humanities — Question

What sort of reforms through laws were made by the British government to improve the condition of workers? What were the weaknesses of these measures?

Compare the civilization of the Aztecs with that of the Mesopotamians.

What do you understand by Labour Rent?

When and where do we get earliest evidence of bipedalism? What are the benefits of bipedalism?

"The use of seals played significant role in the development of trade in urbanisation in Mesopotamia.” Discuss.

The late Roman bureaucracy, both the higher and middle echelons, was a comparatively affluent group because it drew the bulk of its salary in gold and invested much of this in buying up assets like land. There was of course also a great deal of corruption, especially in the judicial system and in the administration of military supplies. The extortion of the higher bureaucracy and the greed of the provincial governors were proverbial. But government intervened repeatedly to curb these forms of corruption - we only know about them in the first place because of the laws that tried to put an end to them, and because historians and other members of the intelligentsia denounced such practices. This element of 'criticism' is a remarkable feature of the classical world. The Roman state was an authoritarian regime, in other words, dissent was rarely tolerated and government usually responded to protest with violence (especially in the cities of the East where people were often fearless in making fun of emperors). Yet a strong tradition of Roman law had emerged by the fourth century, and this acted as a brake on even the most fearsome emperors. Emperors were not free to do whatever they liked, and the law was actively used to protect civil rights. That is why in the later fourth century it was possible for powerful bishops like Ambrose to confront equally powerful emperors when they were excessively harsh or repressive in their handling of the civilian population.
Questions:

1. What was the main reason of corruption in administration of the Roman Empire?
2. What was the role of the Roman government in handling corruption that was widespread among the higher bureaucracy and provincial governors?
3. What do you know about law system of the Roman Empire?

The invention of steam engine revolutionised industry and transport. How?

Which factors suggest that Ur was an unplanned city?

Do you think the period between 1780 to 1820 is considered to be revolutionary for the growth of cotton or iron industries?

How did the exchange of goods between the European traders and the natives of NorthAmerica prove beneficial for the Europeans?