Physiology And Injuries In Sports — Physical Education STD 12 Commerce — Question
CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommercePhysical EducationPhysiology And Injuries In Sports5 Marks
Question
Elucidate the gender differences in physical and physiological parameters.
✓
Answer
There are following physical (anatomical) differences between a male and a female.
Difference in Shape and Size: There is a lot of difference in the shape and size of the body between a male and a female. These differences are associated with nutritional and other environmental factors. The physique of males is larger than that of females.
Vertebrae, Legs and Knees: Though the vertebrae in females is usually long but their upper and lower limbs (hands and legs) are smaller proportionately, whereas, the vertebra, hands and legs of males are longer when compared to females. In females, the greater hip width influences the position and angle of the femurs.
Centre of Gravity: The average height of females is less and thus they have a low centre of gravity, whereas the height and therein the centre gravity of males are high. If the height of centre of gravity is more, the stability also becomes less. This implies that the stability of females is more when compared to males. Owing to this fact, females are more successful in gymnastics.
Bones of Shoulders: Proportionately, the skeletal width of the shoulders is the same in both male and female. But the larger muscular development in males makes it seem wider. In sports events such as shot put, discus throw, javelin, hammer throw, etc., the weight of the equipment for females is less in comparison to males.
Pelvic Region: Generally, the pelvic region of females is wider than that of the male pelvic region.
Adiposity: At the time of complete maturity, females have more absolute subcutaneous fat (adipose tissues) than their male counterparts. Generally, females have higher percentage of body fat when compared to men and they are deposited in a different pattern, with relatively more adipose tissue in the hips and thighs. On the other hand, males carry a greater amount of fat in the upper part of the body and in the abdominal region.
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