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INTEGRALS — Maths STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceMathsINTEGRALS4 Marks
Question
Evaluate the following integrals:
$\int\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-\text{a}^2}}\text{ dx}$
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Answer

$\int\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-\text{a}^2}}\text{ dx}$

Let $\text{x}^2=\text{t}$

$\Rightarrow2\text{x}=\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}$

$\Rightarrow\text{x dx}=\frac{\text{dt}}{2}$

Now, $\int\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-\text{a}^2}}\text{ dx}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{\text{dt}}{\sqrt{\text{t}+\text{a}^2}+\sqrt{\text{t}-\text{a}^2}}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{\text{dt}}{\Big(\sqrt{\text{t}+\text{a}^2}+\sqrt{\text{t}-\text{a}^2}\Big)}\times\frac{\Big(\sqrt{\text{t}+\text{a}^2}-\sqrt{\text{t}-\text{a}^2}\Big)}{\Big(\sqrt{\text{t}+\text{a}^2}-\sqrt{\text{t}-\text{a}^2}\Big)}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{\Big(\sqrt{\text{t}+\text{a}^2}-\sqrt{\text{t}-\text{a}^2}\Big)}{(\text{t}+\text{a}^2)-(\text{t}-\text{a}^2)}\text{ dt}$

$=\frac{1}{4\text{a}^2}\int\Big(\text{t}+\text{a}^2\Big)^{\frac12}\text{dt}-\frac{1}{4\text{a}^2}\big(\text{t}-\text{a}^2\big)^{\frac12}\text{dt}$

$=\frac{1}{4\text{a}^2}\begin{bmatrix}\frac{\big(\text{t}+\text{a}^2\big)^{\frac12+1}}{\frac{1}2+1}\end{bmatrix}-\frac{1}{4\text{a}^2}\begin{bmatrix}\frac{\big(\text{t}-\text{a}^2\big)^{\frac12+1}}{\frac12+1}\end{bmatrix}+\text{C}$

$=\frac{1}{6\text{a}^2}\begin{bmatrix}(\text{t}+\text{a}^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}-(\text{t}-\text{a}^2)^{\frac32}\end{bmatrix}+\text{C}$

$=\frac{1}{6\text{a}^2}\begin{bmatrix}(\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2)^{\frac32}-(\text{x}^2-\text{a}^2)^{\frac32}\end{bmatrix}+\text{C}$

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