Question
Explain about the importance and application of coordination complexes.
✓
Answer
1. Phthalo blue - a bright blue pigment is a complex of copper (II) ion and it is used in printing ink and packaging industry.
2. Purification of Nickel by Mond's process involves formation of $\left[ Ni ( CO )_4\right]$ which yields $99.5 \%$ pure on decomposition.
3. EDTA is used as a chelating ligand for the separation of lanthanides, in softening of hard water and also in removing lead poisoning.
4. Coordination complexes are used in the extraction of silver and gold from their ores by forming soluble cyano complex. These cyano complexes are reduced by zinc to yield metals. This process is called Mac - Arthur Forrest cyanide process.
5. Some metal ions are estimated more accurately by complex formation. For eg., $Ni ^{2+}$ present in Nickel chloride solution is estimated accurately forming an insoluble complex called [Ni (DMG) 2 ],
6. Many of the complexes are used as catalyst in organic and inorganic reactions. For e.g.,
- Wilkinson's Catalyst - [(PPh $\left.)_3 RhCl \right]$ is used for hydrogenation of alkenes.
- Ziegler - Natta Catalyst $\left[ TiCl _4+ Al \left( C _2 H _5\right)_3\right]$ is used in the polymerisation of ethene.
7. In photography, when the developed film is washed with sodium thio sulphate solution (hypo), the negative film gets fixed. Undecomposed AgBr forms a soluble complex called sodium dithio sulphate argentate ( 1 ) which can be removed easily by washing the film with water. $AgBr +2 Na _2 S_2 O _3 \rightarrow Na _3\left[ Ag \left( S _2 O _3\right)_2\right]+2 NaBr$
2. Purification of Nickel by Mond's process involves formation of $\left[ Ni ( CO )_4\right]$ which yields $99.5 \%$ pure on decomposition.
3. EDTA is used as a chelating ligand for the separation of lanthanides, in softening of hard water and also in removing lead poisoning.
4. Coordination complexes are used in the extraction of silver and gold from their ores by forming soluble cyano complex. These cyano complexes are reduced by zinc to yield metals. This process is called Mac - Arthur Forrest cyanide process.
5. Some metal ions are estimated more accurately by complex formation. For eg., $Ni ^{2+}$ present in Nickel chloride solution is estimated accurately forming an insoluble complex called [Ni (DMG) 2 ],
6. Many of the complexes are used as catalyst in organic and inorganic reactions. For e.g.,
- Wilkinson's Catalyst - [(PPh $\left.)_3 RhCl \right]$ is used for hydrogenation of alkenes.
- Ziegler - Natta Catalyst $\left[ TiCl _4+ Al \left( C _2 H _5\right)_3\right]$ is used in the polymerisation of ethene.
7. In photography, when the developed film is washed with sodium thio sulphate solution (hypo), the negative film gets fixed. Undecomposed AgBr forms a soluble complex called sodium dithio sulphate argentate ( 1 ) which can be removed easily by washing the film with water. $AgBr +2 Na _2 S_2 O _3 \rightarrow Na _3\left[ Ag \left( S _2 O _3\right)_2\right]+2 NaBr$
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