India’s External Relations — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
All proponents of human security agree that its primary goal is the protection of individuals. However, there are differences about precisely what threats individuals should be protected from. Proponents of the ‘narrow’ concept of human security focus on violent threats to individuals.

1. Which type of security is the main concern of ‘human security’?
2. What would you like to include under the ‘broad’ concept of human security? Explain.
3. Identify any four threats from which individuals should be protected.

List any four steps suggested by the member-states of the U.N. in 2005 in order to make the United Nations more relevant.

What led to the evolution of the European Union from an economic Union to an increasingly political one?

List the principal organs of the United Nations and describe the functions of any two of them.

Describe the various steps taken to hold the first general elections in India. How far these elections were successful?

What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?

What are the objectives of military alliances? Give an example of a functioning military alliance with its specific objectives.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below: “Patel, the organisational man of the Congress, wanted to purge the Congress of other political groups and sought to make of it a cohesive and disciplined political party. He …. sought to take the Congress away from its all-embracing character and turn it into a close-knit party of disciplined cadres. Being a ‘realist’ he looked more for discipline than for comprehension. While Gandhi took too romantic a view of “carrying on the movement,” Patel’s idea of transforming the Congress into strictly political party with a single ideology and tight discipline showed an equal lack of understanding of the eclectic role that the Congress, as a government, was to be called upon to perform in the decades to follow.” — RAJNI KOTHARI

1. Why does the author think that Congress should not have been a cohesive and disciplined party?
2. Give some examples of the eclectic role of the Congress party in the early years.
3. Why does the author say that Gandhi’s view about Congress’ future was romantic?

Examine the legacy of emergency of 1975 in India.

“The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.” Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.