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Presentation of Data — Economics STD 11 Commerce — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 CommerceEconomicsPresentation of Data6 Marks
Question
Explain briefly different types of graphs.
✓

Answer

Different types of graphs are explained below:
  1. Line Frequency Graph: Line diagrams consist in drawing vertical lines, length of each line being equal to frequency. The values of variate x are presented on a suitable scale along y-axis. Line diagrams facilitate comparison but they are not attractive to see.
  2. Histograms: These graphs are used to graph grouped data. It is one of the most popular and commonly used devices · for charting continuous frequency distribution. It consists of erecting a series of adjacent vertical rectangles on the section of X-axis with bases of equal width of the corresponding class intervals and the heights are so taken that the area of the rectangle are equal to the frequency of the corresponding classes.
  3. Frequency Polygons: A frequency polygon is formed by marking the mid-point at the top of horizontal bars and then joining these dots by a series of straight lines. The frequency polygons are formed as a closed figure with the horizontal axis, therefore a series of straight lines are drawn from the mid-point of the top base of the first and the last rectangles to the midpoint falling on the horizontal axis of the next outlaying interval with zero frequency.
  4. Frequency Curve: It is described as a smooth frequency polygon. A frequency curve is described in terms of its (i) symmetry (skewness) and (ii) degree of peakedness (kurtosis).Two frequency distributions can also be compared by superimposing two or more frequency curves provided the width of their class intervals and the total number of frequencies are equal for the given distributions. Even if the distributions to be compared differ in terms of total frequencies, they still can be compared by drawing per cent frequency curves where the vertical axis measures the per cent class frequencies and not the absolute frequencies.
  5. Time Series Graph: When information is arranged over a period of čime, it is called time series graph. In it, time (hour, day/date, week, month, year, etc.) is plotted along x-axis and the value of the variable (time series data) along y-axis. A line graph by joining these plotted points, thus, obtained is called arithmetic line graph (time series graph).

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