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Molecular Basis of Inheritance — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYMolecular Basis of Inheritance4 Marks
Question
Explain in brief the process of initiation during protein synthesis.
✓

Answer

Initiation of synthesis of polypeptide chain takes place as follows:
$1.$ Small subunit of ribosome binds to the $\text{m-RNA}$ at $5 \ ’$ end.
$2.$ Start codon is positioned properly at $P-$site.
$3.$ Initiator $\text{m-RNA}$ $($carrying methionine in eukaryotes or formyl methionine in prokaryotes$)$ binds with initiation codon $\text{(AUG)}$ of $\text{m$-$RNA}$ by it’s anti$-$codon $\text{(UAC).}$ Codon$-$anti$-$codon pairing involves formation of hydrogen bonds.
$4.$ The large subunit and smaller subunit of ribosome bind in the presence of $Mg^{++}.$
$5.$ Thus, initiator charged $\text{t-RNA}$ occupies the $P-$site and $A-$site is vacant for next charged $\text{t-RNA}$

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