Question
Explain India’s progress in the fields of Metallurgy and Chemistry.
✓
Answer
Metallurgy:
- Ancient India made extraordinary progress in the field of metallurgy.
- A metallic idol of a female dancer discovered at Harappa reveals the high standard of metallurgy achieved by ancient India.
- Statues of Buddha belonging to the Kushan period have been found at Takshashila.
- In South India, during the Chola period, numerous metal idols were made. The statue of Nataraj, a masterpiece in sculpture is famous all over the world and well-known metal.
- Idol ‘Ram-the Archer’ are preserved in the museum at Chennai.
- Besides idols of Gods and Goddesses, many metallic models of birds and animals and instruments of daily use like betel nut crackers are also found.
- Chemistry:
- Ancient India achieved great heights in the field of chemistry.
- Acharya Nagarjuna, a learned Buddhist of Nalanda University advocated the use of alopathy along with herbal medicines.
- It is believed that he started the use of mercury ash as a medicine.
- In the $7th$ century, iron and arsenic were also used as medicine.
- Nalanda University had its own school of Chemistry and furnace for study and research.
- The copper statues of Buddha reflect an expertise in the knowledge and skill in Chemistry.
- The copper statue of Buddha at Sultanjung in Bhagalpur district of Bihar is $7.5$ feet high and weighs one tonne. The statue of Buddha at Nalanda is $18$ feet high.
- The $24$ feet high Iron Pillar built by Chandragupta II at Delhi has not corroded in spite of nature’s fury over centuries and is a Fine example of the art of Chemistry in India.
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