Question
Explain mutualism with the help of any two examples. How is it different from commensalism?
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Answer
Mutualism is a kind of population interaction in which both the participating species derive a benefit from each other’s presence. Examples of mutualism are given below:
- Associations between fungi and plants, called mycorrhizae—The plants is benefitted by essential soil nutrients that the fungus absorbs and transfers to the plant through its roots. The fungus, in turn, derives the benefits of receiving energy-yielding carbohydrates from the plant.
- Pollination- The flowers of a plant provide sweet, mucilaginous nectar to birds or insects in return for getting help from the birds or insets in spreading their pollen grains onto other flowers. The plant-pollinator pair often undergoes co-evolution to safeguard against the use of the nectar by other non-useful organisms.
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