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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Bihar BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryHaloalkanes and Haloarenes2 Marks
Question
Explain $SN ^1$ reaction with example.
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Answer

$S_N 1$ (Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution) Reaction
The $S_N 1$ reaction occurs in two steps and follows first-order kinetics. It is favored by tertiary alkyl halides due to the stability of the intermediate carbocation.
1. Step 1 (Slow): Formation of a stable carbocation by the loss of the leaving group.
2. Step 2 (Fast): Attack of the nucleophile on the carbocation.
Example: Hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide with aqueous KOH .
$\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - Br + OH ^{-} \longrightarrow\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - OH + Br ^{-}$

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