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EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsEMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY5 Marks
Question
Explain the causes of Migration.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • Normally when a person or a family moves from one place to another away from family for longer period and settles there is called migration.
  • The causes responsible for migration are as given below.
$[A]$ Economic Reason:
$(1)$ Income generation:
  • Main objective of migration is to generate income.
  • Everybody expects to earn more and raise their standard of living.
  • In this context a person migrates where he can earn higher income.
  • E.g. Many families of Gujarat have migrated to Kolkata, Bombay, Chennai, and other metro cities.
  • Many families are migrated to $U.S.A.,$ Canada, Australia, etc. for income generation.
$(2)$ For employment, occupation or business:
  • Person migrates for employment, occupation or business.
  • E.g. A person having good knowledge of information technology migrates to a place where he gets wider scope in the country or anywhere in the foreign country.
$(3)$ Transfer:
  • When a person is employed to another branch in the country or outside the country be transferred to that branch and he has to be migrated to that place.
$(4)$ Degree of Natural Resources:
  • When a particular place has plenty of natural resources and relatively the population is low in that area, people migrate to that place.
  • E.g. where there are mines of gold, diamond, coal, and other metallic mines, or petroleum products there is requirement of skilled persons for refining and mining technicians.
  • Therefore many people migrate leaving their native places and settle there.
  • Such type of inter-national migration has become very common.
  • E.g. Migration to $U.A.E.$ due to petroleum, people from thickly populated country like India migrate to Canada, Australia where compared to their vast geographical area population is low.
$(5)$ To get Higher Quality Education:
  • When there is limited opportunity of qualitative education and a person who desires of attaining higher education migrates to a distant place leaving his native place.
  • Later on this migration turns into permanent in nature.
  • E.g. Indians migrate to foreign countries to get higher quality education and their final goal is to settle there permanently.
$(6)$ To get modern Health services:
  • When a person cannot acquire adequate and required health service in his own native, place he migrates to a place where he can acquire modern health services.
  • So that he can lead better life and generate income.
$(7)$ Planned Migration:
  • When a family sends one member of the family or more persons of the family away from native place to earn income for livelihood and they perform economic activity there, it is called planned migration.
$[B]$ Social Reason:
  • Social causes also play significant role for migration.
$(1)$ Marriage:
  • In Indian society marriage is a main cause of social migration.
  • After marriage a girl leaves her native place and settle at distant place to her in law's house.
  • This is known as social migration.
$(2)$ To get respite from social customs:
  • Rural society is rigid and orthodox to a great extent.
  • compared to this the urban society is liberal and broad minded.
  • Therefore the young generation prefers to be migrated to the urban area and escape from the rigidity of rural society.
  • Today comfortable urban life is everybody's choice.
  • Families migrate to the urban areas to get their sons and daughters married in the urban areas.
$[C]$ Political Reason:
  • TWO main political causes for migration are as below.
$(1)$ War and Unrest:
  • When war takes place very often people migrate to other places, to peaceful areas so that they do not have to live in constant fear of war, terrorism and unrest, and insecurity, e.g. owing to terrorism of $ISI$ in Turkey many people have migrated to safe and secured places in Europe to live peacefully.
  • In the Same way people residing on the border migrate to internal Places for peaceful life.
$(2)$ Avoid conflict:
  • When frequent riots occur between two classes of society people search for Peace and migrate to peaceful and secured place. E.g. minority community migrate from the place where they have to face unrest of riots very often. E.g. the migration of the Hindu Pandits to another places from Kashmir.
$[D]$ Natural disasters or factors related to Environment:
  • People severely and frequently are affected by natural disasters like flood, earthquake, drought, cyclone, volcano migrate to safe places.
  • Sometimes as a part of process people have to migrate due to environmental factors.
  • When huge dams are constructed, or forests are declared as sanctuaries or national parks, people residing in these areas have to migrate to other places. E.g. Migration caused by Narmada dam in Gujarat is a good example of environmental migration, which is also called developmental migration.

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