Question
Explain the chemical properties of acid.
✓
Answer
For the chemical reaction of acid, $\mathrm{H}^{-}$or $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}$present in its aqueous solution is responsible.
(i) Reaction of acid with metal :
By the reaction of acid with metal, a salt of corresponding metal and dihydrogen gas are produced.
For example,
(1) $2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Ca}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$
(2) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+M g(s) \rightarrow M g \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+H_{2}(g)$
In short,
Acid + Metal $\rightarrow$ Salt, of metal + Dihydrogen gas
(ii) Reaction of acid with base:
Salt and water are formed by the reaction of acid with base. This reaction is called neutralisation reaction.
(1) $\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{I})$
(2) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$
In short, Acid + Base $\rightarrow$ Salt + Water
(iii) Reaction of acid with metal oxide:
The reaction of acid with metal oxide forms salt and water. For example,
(1) $2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$
(2) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+M g O(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgSO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} O(1)$
In short, Acid + Metal oxide $\rightarrow$ Salt + Water
(iv) Reaction of acid with metal carbonate or metal hydrogencarbonate:
Most of the acids produce salt, water and carbon dioxide by reaction with metal carbonate or metal hydrogencarbonate.
For example,
(1) $2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+$ $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$
(2) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+M g \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgSO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+$ $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$
In short, Acid + Metal carbonate / Metal hydrogencarbonate $\rightarrow$ $\mathrm{Salt}+\mathrm{Water}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$
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