Question
Explain the general methods of preparation of amines.
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Answer
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The graphical representation of vapour pressures of two component system as a function of composition is given alongside. By graphic inspection, answer the following questions:
→The graphical representation of vapour pressures of two component system as a function of composition is given alongside. By graphic inspection, answer the following questions:
- Are the A-B interactions weaker, stronger or of the same magnitude as A-A and B-B?
- Name the type of deviation shown by this system from Raoult’s law.
- Predict the sign of $\Delta_\text{mix}\text{H}$ for this system.
- Predict the sign of $\Delta_\text{mix}\text{H}$ for this system.
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Shyam went to a grocery shop to purchase some food items. The shopkeeper packed all the items in polythene bags and gave them to Shyam. But Shyam refused to accept the polythene bags and asked the shopkeeper to pack the items in paper bags. He informed the shopkeeper about the heavy penalty imposed by the government for using polythene bags. The shopkeeper promised that he would use paper bags in future in place of polythene bags.Answer the following:
- Write the values (at least two) shown by Shyam.
- Write one structural difference between low-density polythene and high-density polythene.
- Why did Shyam refuse to accept the items in polythene bags?
- What is a biodegradable polymer? Give an example.
Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when $10\ g$ of $CH_3CH_2CHClCOOH$ is added to $250\ g$ of water. $K_a = 1.4 \times 10^{–3},\ K_f = 1.86\ K\ kg\ mol^{–1}.$
→(i) Define molecularity of a reaction.
(ii) Explain the effect of presence of catalyst on the rate of reaction.
(iii) In a first order reaction at 300 K , the initial concentration of the reactant was $1.0 \times 10^{-2} mol L ^{-1}$, which decreased to $0.5 \times 10^{-2} molL ^{-1}$ after 30 minutes at 300 K . Calculate the rate constant of the reactant at 300 K. $[\log 2=0.3010] \quad$
→(ii) Explain the effect of presence of catalyst on the rate of reaction.
(iii) In a first order reaction at 300 K , the initial concentration of the reactant was $1.0 \times 10^{-2} mol L ^{-1}$, which decreased to $0.5 \times 10^{-2} molL ^{-1}$ after 30 minutes at 300 K . Calculate the rate constant of the reactant at 300 K. $[\log 2=0.3010] \quad$
Explain the acidic property of carboxylic acid and dicuss the effect of substituents on their acidity.
A hydrocarbon 'A', $\left(\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_8\right)$ on reaction with HCl gives a compound ' B ', $\left(\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_9 \mathrm{Cl}\right)$, which on reaction with 1 mol of $\mathrm{NH}_3$ gives compound ' C ', ( $\left.\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{~N}\right)$. On reacting with $\mathrm{NaNO}_2$ and HCl followed by treatment with water, compound ' C ' yields an optically active alcohol,'D'. Ozonolysis of 'A' gives 2 mols of acetaldehyde. Identify compounds 'A' to 'D'. Explain the reactions involved.
→$FeSO_4$ solution mixed with $\left( NH _4\right)_2 SO _4$ solution in $1:1$ molar ratio gives the test of $Fe ^{2+}$ ion but $CuSO _4$ solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in $1: 4$ molar ratio does not give the test of $Cu ^{2+}$ ion. Explain why?
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