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life processes — Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Sciencelife processes4 Marks
Question
Explain: The heart is our pump.
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Answer

  • The heart is a muscular organ as big as our fist.
  • Human heart has different chambers to prevent oxygen rich blood from mixing with the blood containing carbon dioxide.
[ Schematic sectional view of human heart and circulation path]
  • The circulation path in human heart:
  • Heart has $2$ upper receiving chambers called atria.
  • It has $2$ lower chambers called ventricles which can push blood out of the heart.
  • In left chambers:
  • Oxygen rich blood from the lungs comes to the thin walled upper left chamber of the heart, i.e., left atrium through pulmonary veins.
  • The left atrium relaxes when it is collecting this blood.
  • Now, left atrium contracts, while left ventricle relaxes.
  • So, that the blood is transferred to left ventricle.
  • When the muscular left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through aorta and supplied to the whole body.
  • In right chambers:
  • Deioxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper right chamber, i.e., right atrium as it relaxes.
  • As the right atrium contracts, the corresponding lower chamber, the right ventricle dilates.
  • This transfers deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle, which in turn pumps it through pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • Valves ensure that blood does not flow backwards when the atria or ventricles contract.
  • Since ventricles have to pump blood into various organs, they have thicker muscular walls, than the atria do.

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