Explain the term nucleophile. Give examples. - Vidyadip

Question

Explain the term nucleophile. Give examples.

✓

Answer

$i.$ The species which donate $($give away$)$ electron pairs to the substrate during the reaction are called nucleophiles.
$ii.$ Since, nucleophiles are electron rich species, they donate a pair of electrons to acceptor atoms and thus, they are nucleus seeking (or nucleus loving) species.
$iii.$ e.g.
$a.$ Negatively charged nucleophiles $: OH^–, CN^–, Cl^–, Br^–,$ etc.
$b.$ Neutral species containing at least one lone pair of electrons:
$H_2O, NH_3, H_2S, R – OH, R – NH_2, R – OR,$ etc.
$iv.$ A polyatomic nucleophile has an electron rich atom in it called the nucleophilic centre.
e.g. The nucleophilic centre of the nucleophile $H_2O$ is $‘O \ ’$ which has two lone pairs of electrons.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "Answer the following in brief." from Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry→Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry — all question types→Chemistry STD 11 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board STD 11 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Write dehydration reaction of 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols giving one example for each.

Find the temperature in $^\circ C$ at which volume and pressure of $1 mol$ of nitrogen gas becomes $10 \ dm \ 3$ and $2.46$ atmosphere respectively.

Cooking makes food easy to digest.

Dissolve 4 g cobalt chloride in 40 mL water. It forms a reddish pink solution. Add 60 mL concentrated HCl to this. It will turn blue. Take 5 mL of this solution in a test tube and place it in a beaker containing ice water mixture. The colour of solution will become pink. Place the same test tube in a beaker containing water at 90 °C. The colour of the solution turns blue.

A compound is prepared from the mineral colemanite by boiling it with a solution of sodium carbonate. It is white crystalline solid and used for inorganic qualitative analysis.

Chalcopyrite $(CuFeS_2)$ is a common ore of copper. Since it has low concentration of copper, the ore is first concentrated through froth floatation process. The concentrated ore is then heated strongly with silicon dioxide $($silica$)$ and oxygen in a furnace. The product obtained, copper$(I)$ sulphide, is further converted to copper $(99.5\%$ pure$)$ with a final blast of air $(O_2)$ during which sulphur dioxide is released as a by$-$product.
$i.$ Write a balanced reaction for the extraction of copper from copper$(I)$ sulphide.
$ii.$ Which species undergoes an increase in the oxidation state?
$iii.$ Which species accepts electrons?

What is lanthanide and actinide series?

Write the structure of major alkyl halide obtained by the action of HCl on pent-1-ene
i. in presence of peroxide
ii. in absence of peroxide.

Write a short note on absolute temperature scale.

Derive the relation between density, molar mass and pressure.