Question
Explain valence bond theory for coordination compounds.
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Assign reasons for the following:
- The enthalpies of atomisation of transition elements are high.
- The transition metals and many of their compounds act as good catalyst.
- From element to element the actinoid contraction is greater than the lanthanoid contraction.
- The E0 value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+.
- Scandium (Z = 21) does not exhibit variable oxidation states and yet it is regarded as a transition element.
What happens when:
(a) Propene is passed into concentrated $H _2 SO _4$ and the product is boiled with water.
(b) Methoxy ethane is heated with HI.
(c) Ethanol is heated with Fenton's reagnet.
(d) Toluene is heated with Chromyl Chloride in $CS _2$ and the product is hydrolysed.
(e) Crotonaldehyde is treated with $LiAH _4 / dry$ ether and the product is acid hydrolysed.
→(a) Propene is passed into concentrated $H _2 SO _4$ and the product is boiled with water.
(b) Methoxy ethane is heated with HI.
(c) Ethanol is heated with Fenton's reagnet.
(d) Toluene is heated with Chromyl Chloride in $CS _2$ and the product is hydrolysed.
(e) Crotonaldehyde is treated with $LiAH _4 / dry$ ether and the product is acid hydrolysed.
FeSO4 solution mixed with $\left( NH _4\right)_2 SO _4$ solution in 1:1 molar ratio gives the test of $Fe ^{2+}$ ion but $CuSO _4$ solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in $1: 4$ molar ratio does not give the test of $Cu ^{2+}$ ion. Explain why?
→i. Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N.
ii. Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.
iii. What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?
ii. Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.
iii. What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?
At 291K, the molar conductivities at infinite dilution of NH4Cl, NaOH and NaCl are 129.8, 217.4 and 108.9S cm2 mol-1 respectively. If the molar conductivity of a centinormal solution of NH4OH is 9.33S cm2 mol-1, what is the percentage dissociation of NH4OH at this dilution? Also calculate the dissociation constant of NH4OH.
Draw the structures of optical isomers of :
(i) $\left[ Cr \left( C _2 O _4\right)_3\right]^{3-}$
(ii) $\left[ PtCl _2( en )_2\right]^{2+}$
(iii) $\left[ Cr \left( NH _3\right)_2 Cl _2( en )\right]^{+}$
→(i) $\left[ Cr \left( C _2 O _4\right)_3\right]^{3-}$
(ii) $\left[ PtCl _2( en )_2\right]^{2+}$
(iii) $\left[ Cr \left( NH _3\right)_2 Cl _2( en )\right]^{+}$
Match the items of Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (i) | Mathematical expression for rate of reaction. | (a) | Rate constant. |
| (ii) | Rate of reaction for zero order reaction is equal to. | (b) | Rate law. |
| (iii) | Units of rate constant for zero order reaction is same as that of. | (c) | Oder of slowest step. |
| (iv) | Order of a complex reaction is determined by. | (d) | Rate of a reaction. |
On the basis of crystal theory, octahedral in the presence of strong field ligand and weak field ligand. Explain the difference in crystal field splitting.
Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that $\left[ Ni ( CN )_4\right]^{2-}$ ion with square planar structure is diamagnetic and the $\left[ NiCl _4\right]^{2-}$ ion with tetrahedral geometry is paramagnetic.
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