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Business, Trade and Commmerce — Business Studies STD 11 Commerce — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 CommerceBusiness StudiesBusiness, Trade and Commmerce4 Marks
Question
Explain various modes of transport in India.
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Answer

Modes of Transport:
  1. ROAD TRANSPORT: India has one of the largest road network in the world with a total length of about 42.3 lakh km. About 85% passenger and 70% of freight traffic are carried by roads.
Sher Shah Suri built Grand Trunk (GT) Road in 16th Century to strengthen and consolidate his empire from Indus Valley (Peshawar) to Sonar Valley (Kolkata) in Bengal.

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has keen role in the development and maintenance of road transport.

Achievements of National highway's Authority of India (NHAI) are as follows:
  1. Golden Quadrilateral: It is 5,846km long 4/ 6 lane, in high density traffic corridor that connects India's four big metro cities: Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata.
  2. North South Corridor: It is 4,076km long road, connecting Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
  3. East-West Corridor: with 3,640km of road length, a connecting silchar in Assam with the port town of Porbandar in Gujarat.
  1. RAIL TRANSPORT: Railways was introduced to India in 1853 during british rule, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane covering a distance of 34km. The total length of Indian Railway network is 64,460km (2011).
In September 2016, Indian Government signed a contract with Japan to laid the foundation of Bullet (High speed) Train project between Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

Rail transport serves as the most economical mode of transport. Indian railway is one of the largest employment providers in India with over 13.6 lakhs employees.
  1. WATER TRANSPORT: It can be divided into two major categories-Inland waterways and Oceanic waterways. India has 14,500km of navigable waterways, currently 5,685km of major rivers is navigable by mechanised flat bottom vessels.
Major National Waterways of India is Allahabad-Haldia waterway that covers 1,620km.

Roughly 95% of Indian's foreign trade by volume and 75% by value moves through ocean routes.

Maritime trade is a kind of trade that uses water transport i.e. ships.
  1. AIR TRANSPORT: Air transport was started in 1911 with the commencement of airmail over a little distance of 10km between Allahabad and Naini. The Airport Authority of India (1995) is accountable for providing safe, efficient air traffic and aeronautical communication services in Indian air space.
The role played by air transport in the development of international trade and tourism is becoming increasingly important. Indigo, Jet Airways and Jetlite, Spice Jet and Air India are the major airlines of India.

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