Question
Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution whose mean is $50.$
$x$ $10$ $30$ $50$ $70$ $90$ Total
$f$ $17$ $f_1$ $32$ $f_2$ $19$ $120$

Answer

Let $f_1$ and $f_{2 }$ be the missing frequencies.
We prepare the following frequency distribution table.
$(x_i)$ $(f_i)$ $f_ix_i$
$10$ $17$ $170$
$30$ $f_1$ $30f_1$
$50$ $32$ $1600$
$70$ $f_2$ $70f_2$
$90 $ $19$ $1710$
Total
120
$3480+30f_1+70f_2$
Here,
$\sum\text{f}_\text{i}=68+\text{f}_1+\text{f}_2$
But
$68+\text{f}_1+\text{f}_2=120 ($Given$)$
Therefore,
$68+\text{f}_1+\text{f}_2=120$
$\Rightarrow\text{f}_1+\text{f}_2=120-68=52$
$\text{f}_2=52-\text{f}_1\ \dots(1)$
Mean $=\frac{\sum\text{f}_\text{i}\text{x}_\text{i}}{\sum\text{f}_\text{i}}=\frac{3480+30\text{f}_1+70\text{f}_2}{120}$
$\Rightarrow\frac{3480+30\text{f}_1+70(52-\text{f}_1)}{120}$ Using equation $1$
$\Rightarrow\frac{3480+30\text{f}_1+3640+70\text{f}_1}{120}$
$=\frac{7120-40\text{f}_1}{120}$
But mean $= 50 ($given$)$
Therefore,
We have,
$50=\frac{7120-40\text{f}_1}{120}$
$6000=7120-40\text{f}_1$
$40\text{f}_1=1120$
$\text{f}_1=\frac{1120}{40}=28$
Substituting the value of $f_1$ in equation $1,$
We have,
$f_2 = 52 - 28 = 24$
Thus, the missing frequencies are $f_1 = 28$ and $f_2 = 24$ respectively.

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