Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8Social ScienceIndustries5 Marks
Question
Give a detailed information about Iron steel industry.
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Answer
Iron-steel industry is considered to be a key industry Here machines and various parts of the machine are manufactures from its production, which are used by other industries.Large capital, iron ore. coal, manganese, limestone, etc. should be available in abundant quantity. Besides, adequate labourers. skilled workers. facilities of transportation and other infrastructural facilities should be available.The process of making steel from the iron ore involves many stages. First of all. the iron ore is smelted in the blast furnace (kiln). After that it is purified and steel is obtained from it. Steel is solid (tough) but can be easily cut. shaped or made into wires. Moreover, alloys can be made by mixing some amount of other metals like aluminium, nickel, copper in steel. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness and ability to resist rust.Steel is considered to be the backbone of modern industries. Many things which we use are made from either steel or from the implements and machines made of steel. Ships, railway trains, vehicles and means of other transportation or making of equipment ranging from needles. safety pins, or pins to the large machines are also made from iron-steel. The drilling of mineral oil wells is done by the machines made from steel. The petroleum products are transported through the pipelines made from the iron-steel. The minerals are mined from the interior of the earth by the equipment made from steel. The farm implements are mostly made of steel. Structure of huge buildings is made of steel. The defence weapons are also made of steel.Before $1800\ AD$, the iron-steel industry had developed in the areas where the iron ore, electricity and adequate water were easily available. After that, it had developed near the areas of major coal centres and where the facility of waterways and railways was easily available. After $1950\ AD,$ the iron-steel industry began to centralise near the ports and in large areas of level land, because the industry begun on a large scale and the iron ore for it had to be imported from abroad.
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