International Organisations — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The Cold War was not simply a matter of power rivalries, military alliances and of balance of power. These were accompanied by a real ideological conflict as well, a difference over the best and most appropriate way of organising political, economic, and social life all over the world.

1. Why is a war-like situation called Cold War?
2. Identify one military pact each signed by each of the two super powers to balance the power rivalries.
3. Differentiate between the ideologies represented by the rival blocs.

Analyse any three factors which enhanced the popularity of Indira Gandhi in the early 1970s.

Explain any six factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi's government in the early 1970s.

"Global commons have not only common, but differentiated responsibility." Do you agree to this view? Why?

Describe the two basic kinds of reforms on which almost everyone agrees that they must be introduced in the U.N. after the Cold War.

'We have a Muslim minority who are so large in numbers that they cannot, even if they want, go any where else. That is a basic fact about which there can be no argument. Whatever the provocation from Pakistan and whatever the indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims there, we have got to deal with this minority in a civilised manner We must give them security and the rights of citizens in a democratic State. If we fail to do so, we shall have a festering sore which will eventually poison the whole body politic and probably destroy it.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Letter to Chief Ministers, 15 October,1947.

1. In spite of indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims by Pakistan, why Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to deal with the Muslim minority in a civilised way?
2. Why this minority should be given the security and rights on the same footing as to all others in a democratic system?
3. If this minority was not provided security and rights, what kind of scenario is envisaged?

Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in Pakistan has further encouraged the military to continue its dominance. The United States and other Western countries have encouraged the military’s authoritarian rule in the past, for their own reasons. Given their fear of the threat of what they call ‘global Islamic terrorism’ and the apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into the hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan has been seen as the protector of Western interests in West Asia and South Asia.

1. What is meant by ‘global Islamic terrorism’?
2. Why did Pakistan lack genuine international support for democratic rule?
3. Why was the military regime in Pakistan considered as the protector of Western interests in West Asia and South Asia?

Explain any two arguments given by the advocates of economic globalization.

Write an essay for or against the following proposition: “With the disintegration of the second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia”.

Describe any four factors which were responsible for the dominance of the Congress Party in India till 1967.