Question
Give examples of functional groups which can appear only as prefix?

Answer

Functional groups which can appear only as prefix are as follows:
$i.$ Nitro group $(-NO_2)$
$ii.$ Halides $(-X):$ Represented by prefix “halo” $($like fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo$).$
$iii.$ Alkoxy group $(-OR):$ Groups like methoxy $(-OCH_3),$ ethoxy $(-OC_2H_5),$ etc.
Note: Functional groups appearing as prefix and suffix
Functional Group Prefix Suffix
$-COOH$ Carboxy $-$ oic acid
$-COOR$ alkoxycarbonyl $-$ oate
$-COCl$ Chlorocarbonyl $-$ oyl chloride
$-CONH_2$ Carbamoyl $-$ amide
$-CN$ Cyano $-$ nitrile
$-CHO$ Formyl $-$ al
$-CO-$ Oxo $-$ one
$-OH$ Hydroxy $-$ ol
$-NH_2$ Amino $-$ amine

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