While human civilization was developing in the Euphrates, Tigris, Yangtze, and Hwang Ho rivers, a special kind of civilization was being created in the Indus Valley.
In $1921,$ under the leadership of Sir John Marshall and Colonel Manke, Dayaram Sahni discovered a place called Harappa in the Montgomery district of the Punjab.
Since this place was first discovered near a village called Harappa, the entire civilization was named Harappan civilization according to the tradition of archeology.
Indian archaeologist Rakhaldas Das Banerjee discovered the site of a Harappan civilization called Mohenjo-daro in the Larkhana district of Sindh in $1922.$
Mohen-jo-dado means the hill of the dead.
The distance between Mohenjo-daro and Harappa is about $1605 \ km.$
About $1000$ sites of Harappan civilization have been discovered in India so far.
There are likely to be about $100$ Harappan sites in Gujarat.
The Harappan civilization is the earliest historical civilization, as it has not yet succeeded in resolving the Harappan.
Harappan civilization developed in the northwestern region of India after the Neolithic rural culture.
According to historians and archaeologists, grain production in the fertile plains of the Indus, Saraswati, Ghaghar and Hakra rivers may have increased significantly and the fields may have emerged from the process of establishing a market.
Such cities may have come into existence in the north-western region of India around $2500\ BC$ and the Harappan civilization may have developed.
Apart from the Harappan civilization, other copperplate cultures are found in India.
It lies outside the realm of Harappan civilization.
Emergence and development:
The ruins of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa and the chronology of the house are made from the remains found there.
Historians use the term pre$-$Harappan to refer to the emergence of Harappan civilization.
The discovery of copper around five thousand years ago has brought about significant changes in the field of agriculture.
Changes in the agricultural sector led to the emergence of small towns and the emergence of a mature Harappan civilization.
Historians date the period from $3500\ BC$ to $2400\ BC.$
History shows the period of the mature Harappan civilization from $2350$ to $1750\ BC$ and the period after $17 50\ BC$ as the post$-$Harappan period.
In which this civilization is losing the main features of urbanization.