Historians use some scientific methods to determine the time of the remains of ancient stones, metals, pottery, seals, skeletons, ethnographic tools, etc. found during excavations.
The radiocarbon $14 (C: 14)$ method is "the most important of these scientific methods."
According to this method, carbon $(C: 14)$ is an element present in all types of organisms.
After the death of the organism, carbon $(C: 14)$ begins to mix again in the atmosphere and to what extent carbon $(C: 14)$ has been released into the atmosphere.
From it the age of any organism is determined.
The age of the plant remains is determined using the plant remains and the accompanying pollination method.
Geological studies determine how old metals may have been found in rocks and mines.