Question
How do polar solvents help in the first step in SN1 mechanism?
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Answer
SN1 occurs in two steps.
In step I, the polarised C—Br bond undergoes slow cleavage to produce a carbocation and a halide ion.
Step II involves the attack of nucleophile upon the carbocation thus formed to complete the substitution reaction.
Since 'step I' is slowest and reversible. It causes breaking of C—X bond, for which the energy is obtained through solvation of halide ion with the proton of protic solvent.
In step I, the polarised C—Br bond undergoes slow cleavage to produce a carbocation and a halide ion.
Step II involves the attack of nucleophile upon the carbocation thus formed to complete the substitution reaction.
Since 'step I' is slowest and reversible. It causes breaking of C—X bond, for which the energy is obtained through solvation of halide ion with the proton of protic solvent.
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