Question
How is zinc extracted from its carbonate ore (calamine)? Explain with equations.
✓
Answer
When calamine ore is heated strongly in the absence of air i.e. calcined, it decomposes to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide.
$\text{ZnCO}_{3}\text{(s)}\xrightarrow[]{\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Calcination}\ \ \ \ \ }\text{ZnO}\text{(s)}\ \ \ +\ \ \text{CO}\text{(g)}\\\\\text{Zinc carbonate}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Zinc oxide}\ \ \ \ \ \text{Carbon oxide}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\\text{(Calmineore)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $
Then zinc oxide is heated with carbon and zinc metal is produced.
$\text{ZnO}\text{(s)}\ \ \ \ +\ \ \text{C}\text{(s)}\ \ \ \xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ }\ \ \ \text{Zn}\text{(s)}\ \ \ +\ \ \ \text{CO}\text{(g)}\\ \text{Zinc oxide}\ \ \ \text{Carbon}\ \ \ \ \ \text{Zinc metal}\ \ \ \text{carbon monoxide}$
$\text{ZnCO}_{3}\text{(s)}\xrightarrow[]{\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Calcination}\ \ \ \ \ }\text{ZnO}\text{(s)}\ \ \ +\ \ \text{CO}\text{(g)}\\\\\text{Zinc carbonate}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Zinc oxide}\ \ \ \ \ \text{Carbon oxide}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\\text{(Calmineore)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $
Then zinc oxide is heated with carbon and zinc metal is produced.
$\text{ZnO}\text{(s)}\ \ \ \ +\ \ \text{C}\text{(s)}\ \ \ \xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ }\ \ \ \text{Zn}\text{(s)}\ \ \ +\ \ \ \text{CO}\text{(g)}\\ \text{Zinc oxide}\ \ \ \text{Carbon}\ \ \ \ \ \text{Zinc metal}\ \ \ \text{carbon monoxide}$
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