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EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsEMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY5 Marks
Question
Indicate the status of Indian Railway and Assess its Development.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • Transportation sector includes railway, road, marine and air transportation.
  • Among all these the development of railway has taken the responsibility of transportation of goods and passengers.
  • The largest enterprise of the government of India is railway.
$2.$ Progress of Railway in India:
  • The British government started railway in India through its Private company.
  • Indian railway has started during the British Reign.
  • First railway line in India was started in $1353$ between Bombay and Thane which was $22$ mile long $($approximately, $34 \ km.)$
  • Gradually government took the administration of all other railway companies.
  • The Britishers developed the railways for their own economic interests and benefit.
  • After independence the Indian government took the administration of all other railway companies Government has administered through separate department find separate railway budget was presented till now but from $2017-18$ presenting separate railway budget 18 discontinued and it is included in regular budget.
  • Indian railway's network is first in the Asian countries and $4th$ biggest network in the world.
  • It is the largest enterprise of the Government of India.
  • More than $16$ lakh people are employed in the Indian railway.
  • In $2012$ railway transported $8200$ million passengers and $970$ million tones goods.
  • Railway holds significant status in the development of Indian economy.
  • Therefore during planning development and modernization of Indian railway is encouraged.
  • The encouragements are as given below.
$(1)$ In every budget proposal is made to install new lines to develop old lines. In each planning the function of conversion is being made speedy to modernize railway.
$(2)$ Attempts are made to make travelling more comfortable and safer.
$(3)$ For facilities of passengers, railway stations are being equipped With modern facilities.
  • Facilities of cold drinks, 'snacks', book stalls, and chairs for waiting etc. are provided in railway.
$(4)$ Railway compartments are also being modernized so that passengers would feel more comfortable during travel.
$(5)$ To make the travel faster railway is more and more electrified.
  • In the earlier times coal driven engines were used and today diesel and electricity are its substitutes.
$(6)$ Through modernization of railway the speed of train has increased the time.
  • So that time of travelling between two places is saved and goods are transported faster.
$(7)$ To reduce the problem of travelling Telgo and bullet trains are started.
  • Besides, Metro Train also is started.
  • All these are the forms of modernization.
$3.$ Importance of Railways in India:
  • Development of railways in India has played the role of an engine of economic development.
$(1)$ Owing to the progress of railway occupational velocity has become remarkable.
  • Heavy machinery required for production, raw material, or semi finished goods are transported to industries and finished goods are brought in the market.
  • All these have been through railway and as a result of it, business has been become progressive and farther.
$(2)$ Long distance travel has become comfortable, speedy and safe.
  • Therefore geographical dynamism of a labourer has increased.
  • It has provided labour to trade and commerce.
$(3)$ Due to the development of railway, agriculture sector has developed faster.
  • Required fertilizers for agriculture, equipments are sent to distant places through railway and agriculture products are transported to the market and farmers have been able to attain reasonable price.
$(4)$ India's foreign trade has developed through the development of railway.
  • Transportation of goods from the interior parts of the country is very fast and safely it is carried out through railway.
$(5)$ Tourism sector is developed due to the progress of railway and indirectly new sector of employment has developed with the development of railway.
  • Contact with various areas has been possible which results into cultural integrity in the nation.
  • Therefore development of railway has proved important link for national integrity.
$(6)$ Railway carries goods and provides faster service during natural calamities like famine flood, etc. and saves the lives of many people.
  • Services of railway are important to maintain national unity and integrity.
$4.$ Challenge faced by Indian Railway:
  • Attempts are made for development of railway during planning yet there are many challenges before this sector.
  • They are as under:
$(1)$ Compared to other countries in our railway the use of modern technology is limited.
  • Speedy measures should be taken in this direction.
$(2)$ The facilities of railway, looking to India's geographical area and the requirements of the nation are inadequate.
$(3)$ Shortage of finance and problem of good administration are serious challenges.
  • Due to large scale corruption prevailing in this sector however big amount allocated to railway, it is always inadequate.
  • As it is managed by public enterprise there is lack of efficiency.
  • Frequent accidents are its evidences.
$(4)$ Attempts are made to increase facilities for passengers but they are insufficient.
$(5)$ Regional inequality is observed in the development of railway.
  • Even after so many years of planning, certain areas are far away from the facilities of railway.
  • Along with public sector co-operation of private sector should be taken for speedy development of railway in India.
  • This can solve the problem of shortage of finance and the problem of administration.
  • Steps should be taken to increase load bearing capacity, with proper planning so maximum utilization of established railway lines be carried out.

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