First World War and Russian Revolution — Social Science STD 9 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9Social ScienceFirst World War and Russian Revolution4 Marks
Question
Mention the effects of the First World War.
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Answer
The immediate and the long term effects of the First World War are as follows:
$(A)$ Immediate effects
$1.$ Destruction of men and material : About $1$ crore people died, about $2$ crore were injured and about $70$ lakh were rendered permanently handicapped.
Most people were either killed in the war or died due to starvation and epidemics.
There was enormous destruction of property.
The total cost of the war was very high.
$2.$ Social changes: The women had shouldered the domestic as well as occupational responsibilities during the war- time. Thereby their self-confidence had enhanced.
The demand for women franchise was raised (and was granted eventually).
Problems like scarcity of essential commodities. unemployment, starvation, strikes and lockout had raised their ugly head.
The condition of children was pathetic.
$3.$ Treaty of Versailles: The ‘Peace Process’ Started in Paris. Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles in $1919.$ Its provisions were as follows:
$( 1 )$ Regional arrangements implies dissolution of the German empire
$(2)$ Reduction of troops and armaments of Germany
$(3)$ Distribution of the gains of war that includes assigning the German colonies to Allied Powers, restoration of Alsace and Lorraine to France, demilitarization of Rhine Valley
$(4)$ War Compensation $($Reparations$)$ of $6.5$ billion pounds was imposed on Germany as it was found responsible for the war.
$(5 )$Germany was compelled to sign the Treaty of Versailles, giving rise to bitterness among the German people and shattering of the German economy.
$(6)$ League of Nations: At the initiative tax by the American President Woodrow Wilson. was decided to establish the League of Nation S-
$(B)$Long term effects: It is said that the seeds of the Second World War were sown by the peace process after the First World War.
The vanquished nations were humiliated. This created the urge for revenge.
soviet Russia was humiliated by denying it admission in the League of Nations and America did not join the League of Nations. Thereby the League of Nations was rendered ineffective.
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