✓
Answer
i. Let the Priyanka visits four cities Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Meerut are respectively A, B, C and D. Number of way's in which Priyanka can visit four cities A, B, C and D is 4 ! i.e. 24
$\therefore A=\{a, b\}$ and $B=\{1,2,3\}$
$\therefore n ( S )=24$
Clearly, sample space for this experiment is
$S =\left\{\begin{array}{l}A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B \\ B A C D, B A D C, B C A D, B C D A, B D A C, B D C A \\ C A B D, C A D B, C B A D, C B D A, C D A B, C D B A, \\ D A B C, D A C B, D C A B, D C B A, D B A C, D B C A\end{array}\right\}$
Let $E _1$ be the event that Priyanka visits A before B .
Then,
$E_1=\{A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B, C A B D, C A D B, C D A B, D A B C, D A C B, D C A B\}$
$\Rightarrow n \left( E _1\right)=12$
$\therefore P ($ she visits A before B $)= P \left( E _1\right)=\frac{n\left(E_1\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}$
ii. Let the Priyanka visits four cities Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Meerut are respectively A, B, C and D. Number of way's in which Priyanka can visit four cities A, B, C and D is 4! i.e. 24
$\therefore n ( S )=24$
Clearly, sample space for this experiment is
$S =\left\{\begin{array}{l}A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B \\ B A C D, B A D C, B C A D, B C D A, B D A C, B D C A \\ C A B D, C A D B, C B A D, C B D A, C D A B, C D B A, \\ D A B C, D A C B, D C A B, D C B A, D B A C, D B C A\end{array}\right\}$
$\begin{array}{l} E _1=\{ ABCD , ABDC , ACBD , ACDB , ADBC , ADCB , CABD , CADB , CDAB , DABC , DACB , DCAB \} \\ \Rightarrow n \left( E _1\right)=12 \\ \therefore P (\text { she visits A before } B )=P\left(E_1\right)=\frac{n\left(E_1\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}\end{array}$
iii. Let the Priyanka visits four cities Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Meerut are respectively A, B, C and D. Number of way's in which Priyanka can visit four cities A, B, C and D is 4! i.e. 24
$\therefore n ( S )=24$
Clearly, sample space for this experiment is
$S =\left\{\begin{array}{l}A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B \\ B A C D, B A D C, B C A D, B C D A, B D A C, B D C A \\ C A B D, C A D B, C B A D, C B D A, C D A B, C D B A, \\ D A B C, D A C B, D C A B, D C B A, D B A C, D B C A\end{array}\right\}$
Let $E _3$ be the event that she visits A first and B last.
Then,
$E_3=\{ ACDB , ADCB \}$
$n\left(E_3\right)=2$
$\because P($ she visits $A$ first and $B$ last $)=P\left(E_3\right)$
$=\frac{n\left(E_3\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{2}{24}=\frac{1}{12}$
OR
Let the Priyanka visits four cities Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Meerut are respectively A, B, C and D. Number of way's in which Priyanka can visit four cities A, B, C and D is 4! i.e. 24
$\therefore n ( S )=24$
Clearly, sample space for this experiment is
$S =\left\{\begin{array}{l}A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B \\ B A C D, B A D C, B C A D, B C D A, B D A C, B D C A \\ C A B D, C A D B, C B A D, C B D A, C D A B, C D B A, \\ D A B C, D A C B, D C A B, D C B A, D B A C, D B C A\end{array}\right\}$
Let $E _4$ be the event that she visits A either first or second. Then, $E_4=\{A B C D, A B D C, A C B D, A C D B, A D B C, A D C B, B A C D, B A D C, C A B D, C A D B, D A B C, D A C B\}$
$\Rightarrow n\left(E_4\right)=12$
Hence, P (she visits A either first or second)
$=P\left(E_4\right)=\frac{n\left(E_4\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}$