- AHugo de Vries
- BGregor Mendel
- CLamarck
- DKolreuter
Explanation:
At the starting of the twentieth century, Dutch Botanist and geneticist Hugo de Vries proposed the mutation theory. According to this theory, living organisms can develop changes to their genes that greatly affect the organisms. These changes are passed down to next generation and result in the formation of new species.
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Reason : In countries like India the population is increasing at a rapid rate.

$I.$ Recent studies support competition as suggested in 'Gauses's Competitive Exclusion Principle'
$II.$ Gause's hypothesis says if two species compete for same resources then one will be eliminated by another species
$III.$ More recent studies point out that species facing competition might evolve mechanisms that promote co-existence rather than exclusion
$IV.$ Gause's competitive exclusion principle is effective when resources are in excess
$V.$ Unlimited resources give better opportunity for adaptation
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