Question
Name the steps followed in accounting process.

Answer

Accounting process begins with the origin and identification of business transaction and is followed by recording, classification and summarization of business transactions culminating in preparation of trial balance and financial statements, i.e., Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet. Following steps are followed in accounting process:
Identification of Transactions $\Rightarrow$ Preparation of Vouchers $\Rightarrow$ Recording in books of original entry $\Rightarrow$ Posting to Ledger $\Rightarrow$ Preparation of Trial Balance and Financial Statements

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Why assets are classified into current and non-current?
There was a difference in the Trial Balance of M/s. Jain & Sons, prepared for the year ended 31st March, 2009. The accountant put the difference in Suspense Account.
The following errors were found:
  1. Purchases Return Book total ₹ 400 has not been posted to Ledger Account.
  2. ₹ 5,100 spent on legal expense for the newly acquired Building was debited to the Building Account as ₹ 1,500.
  3. A sale of ₹ 6,540 to Rajat has been credited to his account.
  4. Rectify the errors and show the Suspense Account with Nil closing balance.
On Jan. 1, 2017, Tarun purchased goods from Arun for ₹ 20,000 and immediately drew a promissory note in favour of Arun payable after 1 month. Date of maturity of the promissory note was declared emergency holiday by the Government of India under the Negotiable Instrument Act 1881. Tarun met the promissory note according to the provisions of law.
Pass the necessary Journal entries in the books of Arun and Tarun.
Explain how the following transactions would be recorded in a Cash Book with Cash and Bank Columns?
Dishonour of cheques deposited into Bank.
Rectify the following errors:
  1. The Sales Book has been totalled ₹ 1,000 short.
  2. Goods worth ₹ 1,500 returned by Green and Co. have not been recorded anywhere.
  3. Goods purchased worth ₹ 2,500 have been posted to the debit of the supplier, Gupta and Co.
  4. Furniture purchased from Gulab and Co. worth ₹ 10,000 has been entered in Purchases Day Book.
  5. Cash received from A ₹ 2,500 has not been posted in his account.
Mr. Goel maintains two bank accounts. Prepare his columnar cash book from the following particulars:

2023

 

May 1

Cash in hand

34,000

 

Balance with PNB Bank

75,200

 

Balance with SBI Bank

1,20,000

May 3

Cash drawn from SBI for office use

25,000

May 8

Sold goods to Pradhan for ₹ 80,000 and received from him ₹ 20,000 in cash and a cheque for the balance. The cheque is deposited in PNB on the $9^{\text {th }}$ and the bank credited the amount on the $15^{\text {th }}$ and debited ₹ 25 as its collection charges.

 

May 12

Purchased goods for ₹ 40,000 at 20% trade discount. 25% of the amount is paid in cash and issued a cheque on SBI for the balance amount.

 

May 20

Paid Wages ₹ 36,000 and Salary ₹ 4,000 .

 

May 22

A cheque for ₹ 50,000 is drawn on SBI and it is deposited in PNB.

 

May 23

Purchased land for ₹ 3,20,000 and a cheque is issued on PNB.

 

May 24

A cheque for ₹ 10,000 which was received from Mukesh and was deposited in SBI on $25^{\text {th }}$ April is dishonoured and the bank debited ₹ 100 as bank charges on this cheque. The amount of dishonoured cheque and bank charges is received from Mukesh in cash on the $25^{\text {th }}$.

 

May 26

Deposited cash ₹ 30,000 in PNB.

 

May 28

Sold old typewriter for ₹ 2,000 and old newspapers for ₹ 200 in cash.

 

May 30

Interest charged by PNB Bank ₹ 400 .

 

May 31

Bank charges by SBI Bank ₹ 180 and PNB Bank ₹ 340 .

 

i. On 31st March, 2023, the Bank Pass Book of Renu Enterprises showed a credit balance of ₹ 15,000 .
ii. Before that date, she had issued cheques amounting to ₹ 8,000 out of which cheques of ₹ 3,200 were presented for payment till 31st March, 2023.
iii. A cheque of ₹ 2,200 deposited by her into the bank on 28th March, 2023 is not yet credited in the Bank Pass Book.
iv. She had also received a cheque of ₹ 500 which although entered by her in the bank column of Cash Book, was omitted to be paid into the bank.
v. On 30th March, 2023, a cheque of₹ 1,570 received by her was paid into the bank but the same was omitted to be recorded in the Cash Book.
vi. There was a credit of ₹ 150 for interest on current account and a debit of ₹ 25 for bank charges.
vii. A wrong credit of ₹ 2,000 was given by bank on 27th March, 2023 and was reversed on 10th April, 2023.
Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement as on 31st March, 2023.
On 10th January, 2017, A sells goods to B for ₹ 12,000. On that date, B accepted a bill drawn upon him by A at two months for ₹ 12,000. A retains the bill till due date and on due date sends the bill to the Banker for collection. In due course, A receives the information from the Bank that the bill has been duly met.
Pass Journal Entries in the books of A and B.
Pass Journal entries of rectify the following errors which were located after preparing the Trial Balance:
  1. The Sales Book was overcast by ₹ 500.
  2. Credit purchases from Aradhya ₹ 6,000 were posted to the debit of her account as ₹ 9,000.
  3. Goods returned from Ayan ₹ 8,000 were recorded in Purchases Return Book.
  4. Wages paid ₹ 3,980 were recorded in the Cash Book as ₹ 3,890.
Why assets are classified into current and non-current?