Biotechnology and its Applications — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Distinguish between : S.A. Node and A.V. Node.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Gene manipulation is a fast emerging science. It started with development of recombinant DNA molecule. It is named variously as DNA manipulation biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering. This technology, that mostly involves cutting and pasting of desired DNA fragments, is based on two important discoveries in bacteria, i.e., presence of plasmid in bacteria and restriction endonucleases. Paul Berg was able to introduce a gene ofSV-40 into a bacterium. The science of recombinant DNA technology took birth when Cohen and Boyer (1973) were able to introduce a piece of gene containing foreign DNA into plasmid of E.coli.

1. Biotechnology is also known as:

1. DNA manipulation biotechnology.
2. Recombinant DNA technology.
3. Genetic engineering.
4. All of these.

2. A bacterial plasmid is a/ an,

1. Extra chromosomal material that do not replicate.
2. Extra chromosomal material that undergo replication with or without chromosomal DNA.
3. Tubular structures that help in conjugation.
4. Bristle like solid structure that help in adhesion.

3. Father of genetic engineering is:

1. Paul Berg.
2. Arber.
3. Nathan.
4. Smith.

4. Which of the following is used by Paul Berg to introduce a gene of SV-40 in a bacterium?

1. E. coli.
2. cos-plasmids.
3. Lambda phage.
4. None of these.

5. Read the given statements and select the correct option.

Assertion: Biotechnology started with the development of recombinant DNA molecule.

Reason: Biotechnology mostly involves cutting and pasting of desired DNA fragments.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Biosphere reserves are multipurpose protected areas which are meant for preserving genetic diversity in representative ecosystems of various natural biomes and unique biological communities by protecting wild populations, traditional life style of tribals and domesticated plant/animal genetic resources. Each biosphere reserve has three zones-core, buffer and transition zone.

1. Which of the following is similar to biosphere reserve in terms of conservation?

1. Gene banks.
2. Offsite collection.
3. Orchards.
4. Hotspots.

2. Refer to the given figure representing different zones of a biosphere reserve and select the correct option regarding it.

1. A-Limited human activity is allowed such as for research and education.
2. B-An active co-operation occurs between reserve management and local people for activities like cropping, settlements, etc.
3. C-No human activity is allowed.
4. None of these.

3. Refer to the given diagrammatic representation of a biosphere reserve.

Select the incorrect statement regarding X, Y and Z.

1. X is devoted to strict protection of wildlife and no human activity is allowed in this zone.
2. In Y, only limited human activity (compatible with conservation) is allowed.
3. In Z, commercial exploitation of natural resources is allowed.
4. Tourism is allowed in Z zone only.
5. Zone Y helps to maintain the lifestyle of the tribal people living in the area.

1. (iii), (iv) and (v) only
2. (ii), (iii) and (v) only
3. (i), (iii) and (iv) only
4. (ii), (iii) and (iv) only

4. Biosphere reserves differ from national parks and wildlife sanctuaries because in the former.

1. Human beings are not allowed to enter
2. People are an integral part of the system
3. Plants are paid greater attention than the animals
4. Living organisms are brought from all over the world and preserved for posterity.

5. MAB Programme means.

1. Man and biosphere programme.
2. Man and biodiversity conservation programme.
3. Manually aided biosphere conservation programme.
4. None of these.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Siddharth is a chain smoker. He got into this habit in early adolescence due to peer pressure and gradually got addicted to this habit. Its now almost 20 years he is into the habit of smoking. Since few months he is experiencing pain in chest, shortness of breath, wheezing and chronic cough with phlegm. He seeked advice of a medical practitioner who diagnosed him with lung cancer. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. What do you think is the possible carcinogen responsible for Siddharth's lung cancer?

1. Nitrosamines
2. Benzo(a)pyrene
3. Hydrazine
4. All of these

2. How is lung cancer diagnosed?

1. Computerised tomography scan
2. Sputum cytolog
3. Biopsy of lung tissue
4. All of these

3. From which of the following type of cancer is Siddharth suffering from?

1. Sarcoma
2. Carcinoma
3. Lymphoma
4. Leukemia

4. Select the correct statement.

1. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat lung cancer.
2. Chemotherapy involves the exposure of cancerous parts to X rays which destroy rapidly growing cancer cells.
3. Surgical removal of lung cancer tissue is suggested at advanced stage 4.
4. Monoclonal antibodies can effectively treat lung cancer and can cure it completely.

5. Assertion: Lung cancer if not treated at an early stage can spread to other initial organs of the body.

Reason: Cancer cell have uncontrolled proliferation and ability to invade new sites (metastasis).

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Distinguish between : In-situ and ex-situ conservation.