Nitrogen does not form NCl5 or NF5 but phosphorus can. Explain. - Vidyadip

Question

Nitrogen does not form $NCl5$ or $NF5$ but phosphorus can. Explain.

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Answer

The electronic configuration of $7N$ is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$ while that of $15P$ is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3.$
As phosphorus contains d orbitals, it can expand its octet to form $MX_3$ as well $MX_5$ compounds.
However, due to absence of d orbitals, nitrogen cannot form $MX_3$ or $MX_5.$
Hence, Nitrogen does not form $NCl_5$ or $NF_5$ but phosphoms can form compounds like $PCl_5$ or $PF_5.$

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