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VECTOR ALGEBRA — Maths STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceMathsVECTOR ALGEBRA5 Marks
Question
Prove that the points $\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}},\ 4\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}$ and $2\hat{\text{i}}-4\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}$ are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
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Answer

Let $\vec{\text{A}}=\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}$
$\vec{\text{B}}=4\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}$
$\vec{\text{C}}=2\hat{\text{i}}-4\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}$
$\overrightarrow{\text{AB}}=\vec{\text{B}}-\vec{\text{A}}$
$=\big(4\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}\big)-\big(\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}\big)$
$=4\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}-\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}$
$=3\hat{\text{i}}+4\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}$
$\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{AB}}\Big|=\sqrt{(3^2)+(4)^2+(1)^2}$
$=\sqrt{9+16+1}$
$=\sqrt{26}$
$\overrightarrow{\text{BC}}=\vec{\text{C}}-\vec{\text{B}}$
$=\big(\hat{2\text{i}}-4\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}\big)-\big(4\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}\big)$
$=2\hat{\text{i}}-4\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}-4\hat{\text{i}}-3\hat{\text{j}}-\hat{\text{k}}$
$=-2\hat{\text{i}}-7\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}$
$\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{BC}}\Big|=\sqrt{(2)^2+(-7)^2+(4)^2}$
$=\sqrt{4+49+16}$
$=\sqrt{69}$
$\overrightarrow{\text{CA}}=\vec{\text{A}}-\vec{\text{C}}$
$=\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}-\big(2\hat{\text{i}}-4\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}\big)$
$=\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{i}}+4\hat{\text{j}}-5\hat{\text{k}}$
$=-\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}-5\hat{\text{k}}$
$\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{CA}}\Big|=\sqrt{(-1)^2+(3)^2+(-5)^2}$
$=\sqrt{1+9+25}$
$=\sqrt{35}$
Here, $\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{AB}}\Big|^2+\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{CA}}\Big|^2=\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{BC}}\Big|^2$
$26+35=69$
$61\neq69$
$\text{LHS}\neq\text{RHS}$
Since sum of square of two sides is not equal to the square of third sides. So, $\triangle\text{ABC}$ is not a right triangle.

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