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NATURAL RESOURCES. — Geography STD 12 Arts — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsGeographyNATURAL RESOURCES.5 Marks
Question
Provide detailed information about the availability of water resources.
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Answer

  • Life-like water for living things is obtained in three ways:
  • 1. By rain, 2. By surface water and 3. By ground water
1. By Rain:
  • Rain and snow get water to the earth's surface.
  • Areas with more rainfall and snowfall receive more water.
  • Desert or semi-arid areas get less water due to drought.
  • The northeastern states of India receive more than normal rainfall in Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.
  • So there is the highest availability of water.
  • West Gujarat and Rajasthan receive very little rainfall.
  • So there is less water availability.
2. By surface water:
  • India has big rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Sutlej, Kaveri etc.
  • These rivers are a very important and widespread form of surface water resources of the country.
  • Surface water is also available in the form of lakes, ponds and springs.
  • Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and other states receive snowfall in addition to rainfall.
  • So surface water remains more accessible in these states.
  • Dams have been built on the rivers with more water in India.
  • This has led to the creation of huge artificial reservoirs.
  • There are artificial reservoirs like Govindsagar, Sardar Sarovar, Nizamsagar, Nagarjunasagar etc.
  • These lakes can be drained to distant areas.
  • All these canals benefit millions of hectares of irrigated land.
  • The country is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea, on the east by the Bay of Bengal and on the south by the Indian Ocean.
  • Therefore, access to seawater has also become accessible here.
3. By groundwater:
  • Some amount of surface water descends into the rock layers below the earth's surface and accumulates in cavities there.
  • This is known as 'Groundwater'.
  • This water can be obtained from wells and abyssal wells.
  • North Gujarat has the highest number of abyssal wells in all of India.
  • Jammu and Kashmir has freshwater lakes like Wooler and Dal Sarovar as well as Godavari and Krishna in the Muktrikon Pradesh.
  • Wells are used for water supply in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana etc.

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