4. Chemical bonding and molecular structure — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

$H _2 O$ has $sp ^3$ hybridisation $H _2 O$ is bent shaped molecule .

$H _3 O ^{+}$ has $sp ^3$ hybridisation and $H _3 O ^{+}$ is pyramidal

$NH _4^{+}$ has $sp ^3$ hybridisation and the shape of $NH _4^{+}$ is tetrahedral.